雷暴哮喘的危险因素、发病原因及防治策略  

Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Prevention and Control Strategies of Thunderstorm Asthma

作　　者：马佳瑞 杨燕妮 张淑红[1] 孟利娥 虎梅 段学波 耑冰[1] MA Jiarui;YANG Yanni;ZHANG Shuhong;MENG Li'e;HU Mei;DUAN Xuebo;ZHUAN Bing(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region/Ningxia Medical University Affiliated Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Yinchuan 750000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区人民医院,宁夏医科大学附属自治区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,宁夏回族自治区银川市750000

出　　处：《实用心脑肺血管病杂志》2024年第10期7-11,共5页Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease

基　　金：银川市科技创新重大重点专项(2021-SF-005)。

摘　　要：雷暴哮喘(TA)是一种发生在春秋季节雷雨天气后以急性气道痉挛为表现的疾病,多发生于儿童及中青年人群,大多数患者有过敏性鼻炎或花粉、蒿草等过敏史,近半数患者无哮喘史。AT常发生于雷雨后数小时,患者数量在短时间内暴增,为当地医疗机构带来很大的负担。本文通过综述TA的危险因素、发病原因及防治策略发现,有哮喘、过敏性鼻炎或过敏性疾病家族史、雷雨天气在室外活动、平素哮喘控制不良者更易发生TA,而降雨、花粉、真菌孢子、气候因素及遗传易感性是TA的发病原因,常规药物可治疗TA,目前预防TA的策略主要包括积极宣教、设立花粉监测和预警系统、药物预防。Thunderstorm asthma(TA)is a disease that occurs after thunderstorms in spring and autumn with acute airway spasm,mostly in children and young and middle-aged populations,most patients have allergic rhinitis or a history of allergies to pollen and artemisia,and nearly half of them have no history of asthma.AT often occurs a few hours after thunderstorms,and the number of patients skyrockets in a short period of time,which puts a great burden on local healthcare institutions.In this paper,by reviewing the risk factors,pathogenesis,and prevention and control strategies of TA,we find that those with a family history of asthma,allergic rhinitis,or allergic diseases,those who are outdoors during thunderstorms,and those who have poorly controlled asthma in general are more likely to develop TA,whereas rainfall,pollen,fungi,climate factors,and genetic susceptibility are the pathogenesises of TA.Conventional medications are available for the treatment of TA,and the current strategies to prevent TA mainly include active education,establishment of pollen monitoring and early warning systems,and pharmacological prevention.

关 键 词：哮喘 雷暴哮喘 危险因素 发病原因 治疗 综述 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]