珠江三角洲典型水产养殖区浅层地下水碘化物分布、来源及健康风险评估  

Distribution,Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Iodide in Shallow Groundwater in Typical Aquaculture Areas of the Pearl River Delta

作　　者：段磊 曾经文 赵显林 丘锦荣 刘娜[3] 陶钧实 周建利[1] Duan Lei;Zeng Jingwen;Zhao Xianlin;Qiu Jinrong;Liu Na;Tao Junshi;Zhou Jianli(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China;South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510630,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510630,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434000 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510630 [3]暨南大学生命科学技术学院,广州510630

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2024年第5期1657-1674,共18页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41572217)。

摘　　要：为了解珠江三角洲典型水产养殖区浅层地下水中碘化物的来源以及存在的饮用健康风险,本研究综合运用数理统计分析、主成分分析、水质评价和健康风险评估等方法对珠江三角洲典型淡水养殖区域内鱼塘、污水处理池、居民饮用井三种类型水源共21个代表性样品进行分析。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水水化学类型以Ca^(2+)·HCO_(3)^(-)型为主,ρ(I^(-))介于2~343μg/L之间,其中33.3%的监测点位为高碘型水源,集中分布于研究区西部;浅层地下水中的碘易赋存于弱碱性还原环境中,而鱼塘泥沙中的富碘有机质的分解渗透作用可能会加重地下水的碘富集;城镇化进程中产生的还原性废水和垃圾渗滤液伴随着富含碳酸盐岩体中有机质的分解,都可能成为浅层高碘地下水的重要来源;研究区地表水(鱼塘水、污水处理池水)中Ⅳ类水占比为16.7%,处于较差类别,其中化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))与总氮(TN)为主要超标因子;浅层地下水质量类别最低为Ⅲ类水,整体水质较好,部分点位存在pH和ρ(I^(-))超标问题;成人的高碘饮用水健康风险较低,J4点位地下水源的儿童非致癌风险值大于1.0,建议加强对居民引用水井J4的ρ(I^(-))的常规监控,以保障儿童饮用水健康。In order to understand the sources of iodide in shallow groundwater in these typical aquaculture areas of the Pearl River delta as well as the health risks associated with drinking.This study analyzed a total of 21 representative samples from three different types of water sources:fish ponds,sewage treatment ponds,and groundwater in typical freshwater aquaculture areas of the Pearl River delta.The results indicated that shallow groundwater in the study area had a water chemistry type primarily composed of Ca^(2+)·HCO_(3)^(-)type with iodide concentrations ranging from 2-343μg/L of the monitored sites.33.3%of the monitored sites were high iodine type water sources that were concentrated and dispersed in the western part of the study area.According to principal component analysis,iodine fugacity in groundwater was encouraged by the neutral to mildly alkaline reducing environment,and the degradation and percolation of iodine-rich organic materials from fish pond waste may have made the situation worse.The major causes of shallow,highly iodized groundwater may include degradation of organic matter in carbonate-rich rocks,urbanization with reduced effluent,and waste leachate leaks.The results of water quality evaluation showed that 16.7%of the surface water(fish ponds,sewage treatment ponds)in the study area was ClassⅣ,and the chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn))and total nitrogen(TN)were the main factors exceeding the standard.Although the pH and iodide levels in some areas of shallow groundwater exceed the recommended levels,overall water quality is satisfactory,with the worst groundwater quality being GradeⅢ.The examination of the health risks associated with groundwater revealed that while adults are at minimal risk from high iodine drinking water,children have a risk entropy of J4 groundwater sources that is larger than 1.0.It is suggested to strengthen the routine monitoring of residential drinking well J4 iodide concentration to ensure the health of children drinking water.

关 键 词：珠江三角洲 水质评价 碘化物 健康风险 浅层地下水 地表水 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820