饱水考古木材保存状况评估研究进展  

Research Progress and Perspective of the Preservation State of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

作　　者：韩刘杨 郭娟[2,3] 韩向娜 席光兰 田兴玲 李仁 陈家宝 殷亚方 Han Liuyang;Guo Juan;Han Xiangna;Xi Guanglan;Tian Xingling;Li Ren;Chen Jiabao;Yin Yafang(Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083;Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Wood Specimen Resource Center(WOODPEDIA)of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091;National Center for Archaeology,Beijing 100013;China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091 [3]国家林业和草原局木材标本资源库,北京100091 [4]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013 [5]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第9期183-198,共16页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发项目“海洋出水木质文物保护关键技术研发”(2020YFC1521801)。

摘　　要：以古代沉船、出水木器和简牍等为代表的饱水木质文物是人类古代文明的一种载体,是研究古代历史、艺术、科技、经济的宝贵实物资料,准确认知饱水考古木材保存状况是实现饱水木质文物科学保护的重要前提和基础。受长期水埋环境影响,饱水考古木材的结构与性能均发生显著劣变,且样品获取、制备和测试分析等难度远大于健康木材,现有健康木材的科学研究理论和评估体系对其难以适用。本研究首先从解剖构造、化学结构、纤维素晶体结构和孔隙结构4方面介绍饱水考古木材的结构特征与分析方法;其次阐述饱水考古木材的物理性能、化学性能、力学性能与表征手段;然后进一步总结饱水考古木材保存状况的综合评估原则、方法和关键指标;最后围绕饱水考古木材研究的现状、需求和难点,提出未来应重点研究领域。建议开展以下3方面研究:1)提出饱水考古木材创新无损或微损研究方法,建立饱水木质文物评估技术和标准体系;2)提高饱水考古木材科学数据提取的便捷性和可靠性,完善饱水木质文物信息资源和共享体系建设;3)构建饱水考古木材结构与性能构效关系,完善适用于饱水木质文物的木材科学理论体系。通过新技术、新方法和新材料在饱水木质文物领域的应用,推动饱水考古木材保存状况评估研究,为木质文物的科学保护和长期保存提供理论基础和技术支撑。Waterlogged wooden cultural relicsrepresented by ancient shipwrecks,waterlogged wooden wares and wooden slips serve as carriers of ancient human civilization.They are valuable physical materials for studying Chinese ancient history,art,technology and economy.Accurately understanding the preservation state of waterlogged archaeological wood(WAW)is an important prerequisite and basis for the scientific protection and preservation of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.However,due to the influence of long-term water burial conditions,the structure and properties of WAW have significantly deteriorated.Not only the scientific theory and evaluation system of existing sound wood are difficult to apply,but also the difficulty of obtaining,preparing,testing and analyzing WAW samples is much greater than that of sound wood.This paper systematically reviews the main research progress of waterlogged wooden cultural relics at home and abroad.Firstly,the structural characteristics and analysis methods of waterlogged archaeological wood are introduced from four aspects:anatomical structure,chemical structure,relative crystallinity and pore characteristics.Secondly,the physical,chemical and mechanical properties and characterization methods of WAW are described.The comprehensive evaluation principles,methods and key indicators of the structure and properties of waterlogged archaeological wood are further discussed.Finally,based on the current situation,needs and difficulties of waterlogged wooden cultural relics protection research,three aspects of research that should be prioritized in the future are proposed:1)To innovate the non-invasion research methods of waterlogged archaeological wood,and establish the evaluation technology and standard system of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.2)Improve the convenience and reliability of scientific data obtention of waterlogged archaeological wood,and improve the information resources and sharing system construction of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.3)Construct the structure-proper

关 键 词：饱水木质文物 饱水考古木材 解剖构造 化学性能 物理性能 木质文物保存 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术] S718.3[农业科学—林学]