候鸟人口的迁移特征、动因与效应研究进展及人文地理学视角的研究展望  

Migration characteristics,motivations and effects of the migratory birds and research prospects from the perspective of Human Geography

作　　者：陈曦 吴英巨[2] 朱建华 Chen Xi;Wu Yingju;Zhu Jianhua(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012 [3]东北师范大学地理科学学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第9期1565-1576,共12页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(20YJC840005);国家自然科学基金项目(42401262)资助。

摘　　要：候鸟人口本质为季节性迁移的流动人口,其迁移特征、动因与效应是人口迁移研究的重要主题之一。本文通过综述相关研究文献,系统总结了候鸟人口识别路径、迁移规模与特征、迁移动因、社会效应与社会融入等研究进展。研究认为,候鸟人口以中老年为主,在寻求提高幸福感的前提下向自然环境优越的地区进行远距离、长周期与大规模的往复迁移;在迁移动因方面,生活环境、社会关系、经济动因和医疗卫生服务是影响候鸟人口迁移的主要因素。迁移社会效应方面的相关研究仍具有一定争论,候鸟人口迁移对社会经济产生了多重效应,一方面多数学者肯定了候鸟人口对当地经济发展水平、产业结构调整与社会互动水平具有积极效应,另一方面部分学者认为候鸟人口的往复流动造成了当地旺季公共服务资源紧缺、淡季部分商业土地浪费。此外,候鸟人口的社会融入问题逐步受到学者重视,普遍认为候鸟人口社会融入度较低。基于此,继续深入整合人口学、地理学、经济学、社会学等学科知识并拓宽候鸟人口的识别和数据采集方法,从人文地理学视角分析“候鸟时代”的人口迁移特征,加大对“候鸟人才”“逆向候鸟”“太阳鸟”“跨境候鸟”等新领域的研究,为第二居住地规划与社会政策制定提供理论依据。The migratory birds,constituting individuals engaged in seasonal migration,represents a prominent area of inquiry in the study of population migration.This article presents a comprehensive synthesis of pertinent scholarly literature,systematically summarizing the identification pathways,migration scale and characteristics,migration motivations,social effects,and social integration pertaining to the migratory birds.Current research indicates that the migratory birds,primarily comprising middle-aged and elderly individuals,undertake extensive,long-term,and large-scale migrations to regions endowed with superior natural environments,driven by their quest for enhanced well-being.Migration motivation is influenced by factors encompassing living environments,social relationships,economic motivations,and healthcare services.Ongoing researches on the social effects of migration continue to generate debate.The migratory birds exert multifaceted impacts on the socio-economic fabric,with the majority of scholars acknowledging their positive effects on local economic development,industrial restructuring,and social interactions.However,a subset of scholars posits that the cyclical flow of the migratory birds engenders challenges such as seasonal shortages of public service resources during peak periods and underutilization of commercial land during off-peak seasons.Moreover,the issue of social integration of the migratory birds has gained increasing scholarly attention,with a prevailing consensus that the migratory birds exhibit relatively low levels of social integration.Further endeavors to deepen interdisciplinary integration of disciplines such as demography,geography,and sociology,while expanding the repertoire of identification and data collection methodologies for the migratory birds,should be directed towards an exploration of the distinctive characteristics of population migration in the“era of the migratory birds”from the perspective of human geography.This entails heightened research focus on emerging domains s

关 键 词：候鸟人口 季节性迁移 异地养老 旅游移民 社会融入 

分 类 号：K901.3[历史地理—人文地理学]