《资本论》的历史认识论释义  

An Interpretation of the Historical Epistemology of Das Kapital

作　　者：付文军 Fu Wenjun

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期5-14,206,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《资本论》及其手稿中的历史哲学思想”(23BKS020)。

摘　　要：《资本论》开创了历史认知的新范式并掀起了一场历史哲学领域内的革命。在对思辨历史哲学和客观历史编纂学的批判性考察中,马克思洞察到了二者不过是诉诸“抽象”来诠释历史的叙事策略,旨在完成对历史的形而上学论证。马克思积极扬弃了历史的形而上学筹划,他不仅以“感性的人的活动”为出发点来科学阐发了历史的生成根基及其演进过程,还以“新世界观”为指导而有效地审视了历史。面向“现实”而“整全”的历史,马克思完成了对诸多社会历史存在形式的辩证叙事,构筑了关于现实的人及其发展的“历史科学”。在《资本论》中,马克思以“劳动”和“资本”这一具体的现实关系为抓手深刻而实质地完成了对资本主义及其时代格局的全面“解剖”和历史“审判”,藉此呈现了社会历史演进的理据与逻辑。《资本论》就是马克思旗帜鲜明地用“发展论”来对“现代史”进行批判考察和对“未来史”进行理性展望的科学,它是我们创造并引领“人类文明新形态”的宝贵理论资源。Scientific historical epistemology is the prerequisite for thoroughly answering the mysteries of history.Das Kapital has created a new paradigm of historical cognition and set off a revolution in the field of historical philosophy.Speculative historical philosophy views world history from a transcendental perspective and finally gives an ultimate answer about world history.Objective historiography is based on objective,scientific and empirical principles to distinguish historical materials.Its research method is between objectivity and subjectivity.In the critical scrutiny of speculative historical philosophy and objective historiography,Marx held that they construed history in an abstract and metaphysical manner.Marx transcended the metaphysical way of treating history.He not only scientifically expounded the generative foundation and evolutionary process of history with“the activities of perceptual people”as the starting point,but also effectively scrutinized the development status and prospects of world history under the guidance of the“new world outlook”.In the comprehensive examination of history,Marx dialectically expounded numerous social and historical existences and constructed a historical science concerning real people and their development.In Das Kapital,Marx regarded history as a complex event about human production and life.He believed that it was not only the continuation and representation of people's perceptual object-oriented activities,but also the result of the dialectical interaction of multiple forces from politics,economy,culture and the people.History achieves generational succession within the dialectical tensions between society and nature,subjectivity and objectivity,time and space,as well as necessity and contingency.In Das Kapital,Marx historically analyzed capitalist society and its historical pattern starting from the realistic relationship between labor and capital.In his criticism of political economy of the relationship between labor and capital,Marx showed the progressiv

关 键 词：《资本论》 形而上学批判 历史认识论 历史科学 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]