杭州飞来峰阿弥陀佛像龛艺术及其信仰辨析  

The Amitabha Statues at Feilaifeng in Hangzhou and the Western Pure Land Belief in Wuyue Kingdom,Song and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：常青 Chang Qing

机构地区：[1]四川大学艺术学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期88-98,212,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国佛教雕塑史研究”(20JZD042)。

摘　　要：杭州飞来峰的吴越、北宋、元朝的几幅阿弥陀佛石刻像代表了对佛教西方净土的信仰。通过做功德而往生阿弥陀佛净土,是很多佛教徒的修行目的。这种信仰使信徒们通过遵循佛教教义来潜心修行和做功德,包括制作佛教造像。在飞来峰,雕刻与西方净土相关图像的原始目的主要反映在相关造像铭文题记中。这些造像的历史与宗教背景是基于对阿弥陀佛及其净土的崇拜,是信徒为自己及他人造功德和实践修行之必须。佛教经典可以帮助信徒确定造像题材,并为当时的艺术家提供相关图像的一些基本信息。飞来峰吴越宋元阿弥陀佛像展示了10至14世纪艺术家的审美情趣,其中不乏对前朝艺术风格的继承。到了元朝,为了皇室和蒙古王国的利益,扩展了造像创作的目的,佛教造像更加紧密地服务于国家。Several images of Amitabha Buddha from Wuyue(893-978),Northern Song(960-1127),and Yuan(1271-1368)dynasties at Feilaifeng represent the belief in the Buddhist Western Pure Land.According to the Mahayana Buddhist scriptures,rebirth in the Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha through meritorious deeds is the goal of many Buddhists.This belief enables believers to practice and do meritorious deeds by following Buddhist instructions,including making Buddhist statues.Feilaifeng is the largest existing treasure house of Buddhist stone carvings in Hangzhou,with more than 300 stone carvings preserved.There are 102 niches,starting from Wuyue(893-978)and ending in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),with works from the Song and Yuan(1271-1368)Dynasties as the main ones.Among the 12 niches of statues related to Western beliefs on Feilaifeng,4 belong to Wuyue,1 belongs to the Northern Song Dynasty,and 7 belong to the Yuan Dynasty.Four of the five earliest Wuyue niches on Feilaifeng are related to the belief in Amitabha Buddha.The no.10,15 and 16 niches are located in Qinglin Cave,and the other one is the no.2 niche,which is located on the cliff at the entrance outside Qinglin Cave.The statues in three of the niches all represent the Three Saints of the Western Paradise,consisting of Amitabha Buddha and his two attendant Bodhisattvas Guanyin and Mahasthamaprapta.The no.15 niche is a single Amitabha Buddha statue.The no.10 niche is the earliest example of the statues on Feilaifeng,carved in the first year of Guangshun reign in the Later Zhou Dynasty(951).During the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127),Feilaifeng continued to carve Amitabha Buddha statues,but only in the no.12 niche.The no.12 niche has five seated Buddha statues.There are inscriptions under each of the original five Buddha statues,indicating that three of the five Buddhas are Amitabha Buddhas.The carving time is about the third year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty(1000).Amitabha Buddha was still a popular theme in the early Yuan Dynasty.The images and layout of the two Han-

关 键 词：杭州飞来峰 阿弥陀佛造像 佛教石刻艺术 吴越 宋元 西方净土信仰 

分 类 号：J323[艺术—美术] K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]