艺术创新与道统阐扬:论《元和圣德诗》的典范价值  

Artistic Innovation and Expounding of Confucian Orthodoxy:Re-examining Han Yu's Poem“The Great Virtues of Yuanhe”

作　　者：刘怀荣 Liu Huairong

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与传播学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期99-106,212,213,共10页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《元和圣德诗》作于韩愈创作《原道》、确立儒家道统观之后,因诗中有行刑场面的血腥描写及“颂圣”的内容,历来的唐诗选本多不选录,当代研究者也很少关注。诗歌称颂唐宪宗平定藩镇叛乱、重振帝国雄风之“盛德”,具有“诗史”性质。在艺术上突破了“颂圣”诗的传统写法,创新特征鲜明。其中“以丑为美”的血腥描写意在“震慑藩镇”、表现“尊王攘夷”、维护皇权的道统观;“以文为诗”的破体探索是为更好地阐扬道统所采取的表现策略;尊经用典则从语言表达形式上体现了回归儒家正统的价值取向。三方面的艺术探索和创新,皆服务于道统观的表达,而道统观则为前者提供了强大的思想和理论武器。二者相得益彰,在思想与诗艺、复古与创新、尊体与破体、美与丑之间,匠心独运,达到了较高的艺术水准。该诗不仅是韩愈将道统观与诗歌怪奇审美探索自觉结合、开拓新诗境的典范之作,在文学史和思想史上均应有一席之地。In the spring of the second year of Yuanhe reign(807AD),Emperor Xianzong of Tang held a large-scale ceremony of“Sacrifice to Heaven and to Ancestors”after he had put down the two rebellions led by Yang Huilin and Liu Pi.Han Yu,who had been deported to Yangshan,was pardoned and he returned to the capital at this time and was authorized to be a doctor of the Imperial College.He had the honor to be present at this grand event symbolizing the rise of the mid-Tang.Before the event,he had already completed the series of“Five-Origin Poems”represented by“On the Origin of the Way”(Yuan Dao)and established his literary view of upholding the Confucian orthodox.These were the two most important premises for his composition of“The Great Virtues of Yuanhe”.Later generations of scholars may have criticized the main theme of the poem—singing praises of the Monarch,thinking that the merits of Emperor Xianzong were not enough to deserve such praise.The bloody description of the execution scene in the poem was also criticized by some scholars for being not compatible with the elegant style,and the poem was even denounced as a work of“executioner's literature”.The poem was written in the ancient four-character style,which was rare at that time.Although Shen Deqian of Qing Dynasty included it in his The Special Collection of Tang Poetry,he had to place it right before the“five-character ancient poetry”in volume four,as it was the only four-character poem.It was not found in most other anthologies.As a result,this poem has not been widely circulated,and contemporary researchers have paid little attention to it.If we put this poem in a specific historical and poetic context and balance Han Yu's thoughts and poetic creation before and after the first two years of Yuanhe,it can be found that there are many developments and innovations in many aspects of poetic art.The description of execution,which is intended to“deter the military governor”and express“honoring the suzerain and hustling the barbarians”an

关 键 词：韩愈 《元和圣德诗》 道统观 以丑为美 以文为诗 尊经用典 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]