光果姜大小孢子发生与雌雄配子体发育的研究  

The megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr

作　　者：胡明丽 彭佩佩 宁熙平[2] 王文广 白玫[2] 吴鸿[2] HU Mingli;PENG Peipei;NING Xiping;WANG Wenguang;BAI Mei;WU Hong(School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Science and Technology,Xianning 437100,China;State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北科技学院药学院,湖北咸宁437100 [2]华南农业大学生命科学学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510642 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期899-908,共10页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32270381);湖北科技学院博士启动基金(BK202204)。

摘　　要：光果姜[Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr]为姜科姜属多年生草本植物,具有殷红的锥形花序,极具观赏价值,其花序轴较短且柔软易断,可通过杂交手段进行品种改良。此外,姜科植物的系统进化关系一直存在争议,目前关于光果姜生殖生物学研究相对缺乏。为了促进杂交育种工作的顺利进行以及为姜科植物系统进化提供新的证据,该研究以石蜡切片法为主要研究方法,进一步结合整体压片法和半薄切片法,观察了姜科姜属植物光果姜的大小孢子和雌雄配子体的发育过程,旨在深入了解光果姜的生殖生物学解剖学特征,为姜科植物保育工作提供理论依据。结果表明:①光果姜花药包含2室,花药壁的形成方式属于基本型,具有变形绒毡层;②小孢子母细胞减数分裂类型为连续型,四分体包含左右对称型,直线型和T型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;③胚珠的类型为倒生胚珠,具有双珠被和厚珠心,雌配子体发育类型为蓼型;④揭示了雌雄配子体发育的对应关系,二者成熟时间同步,但雄蕊进入减数分裂时期比雌蕊早。首次发现光果姜花药壁中的绒毡层类型为变形绒毡层,这与前人报道的其他姜科植物的特征不同。研究结果可为姜科植物繁育工作及其系统分类提供有力的科学依据。Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr is a perennial herb of the ginger of family Zingiaceae.It has dark red conical inflorescence and is of great ornamental value.Its inflorescence axis is short and soft,and can be improved by hybridization.In addition,the phylogenetic relationship of Zingiaceae has been controversial.However,there is relatively little research on the reproductive biology of Z.montanum.In order to promote the smooth progress of cross breeding and provide new evidences for the phylogeny of Zingiaceae,this study observed the development of macrospore,microspore,female and male gametophyte of ginger by paraffin method,monolithic tablet method and semi-thin sectioning so as to explore the reproductive biological anatomic characteristics of Z.montanum and provide theoretical basis for the conservation of Z.montanum.The main results are as follows:①Z.montanum has two anther chambers and the tapetum is of periplasmodial,the mode of anther wall formation is basic type.②Cytokinesis of microsporocyte meiotic division is of successive type,tetradsarebilateral,linear and T-shape type,the mature pollen grains are two-celled.③The ovule is anatropous double integuments and crassinucellate.Embryo sac is of polygonum type.④The corresponding relationship between male and female gametophyte development was recorded,the maturity time of the two are synchronized,but microspore mother cells start meiosis earlier than macrospore mother cells.For the first time,we found that the tapetum type in the anther wall of Zingiber montanum is periplasmodial tapetum,which differs from the characteristics reported in other Zingiberaceae plants by previous researchers.The research results can provide a strong scientific basis for the breeding of Zingiaceae plants and their systematic classification.

关 键 词：光果姜 大小孢子发生 雌雄配子体 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]