济南市2006—2022年水痘流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果分析  

Epidemiology of varicella and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Jinan,2006—2022

作　　者：武晶晶[1] 邹丽萍 贺玉静 郭丽 谢元忠[2] 韩莹[1] 王勤富 WU Jing-jing;ZOU Li-ping;HE Yu-jing;GUO Li;XIE Yuan-zhong;HAN Ying;WANG Qin-fu(Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shangdong 250021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021 [2]平阴县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第18期3422-3427,3441,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析济南市2006—2022年水痘流行特征和水痘疫苗保护效果。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和济南市免疫规划信息系统中济南市2006—2022年水痘监测资料和2010—2021年出生人群水痘疫苗接种信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析济南市2006—2022年水痘流行特征,采用筛查法分析2010—2021年出生儿童水痘疫苗接种率和疫苗保护效果。结果 济南市2006—2022年共报告水痘病例61 145例,年均报告发病率为51.82/10万,各年发病率在2008年的74.48/10万至2022年的28.47/10万之间,每年4至6月和11月至次年1月为水痘发病的两个高峰期。2006—2016年济南市5~9岁年龄组发病率最高,2017—2022年15~19岁年龄组发病率最高。2010—2021年出生儿童第一剂次水痘疫苗的累计接种率为77.32%,总保护效果为91.83%(95%CI:91.43%~92.30%),2010—2018年出生儿童第二剂次水痘疫苗累计接种率为45.86%,总保护效果为95.14%(95%CI:94.56%~95.66%)。结论 高发年龄组从5~9岁转向15~19岁年龄组,建议符合条件的青少年积极接种水痘疫苗;水痘疫苗保护效果2剂次比1剂次更好,建议将水痘疫苗2剂次接种纳入免疫规划。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Jinan.Methods We collected data of varicella surveillance in Jinan from 2006 to 2022 from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and vaccination data for children born during 2010-2021 form the Jinan Immunization Planning Information System.All reported varicella cases from 2006 to 2022 in Jinan were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods;Coverage and effectiveness of varicella vaccine for children born during 2010 to 2021 were conducted with the screening method.Results 61 145 cases of varicella were reported in Jinan during 2006—2022,yielding an annual average incidence of 51.82 per 100 000 population;the incidence ranged from 74.48 per 100 000 in 2008 to 28.47 per 100 000 in 2022.Peak varicella incidences occurred between April and June and between November and the following January.The highest incidence rate was 5-9 years old group from 2006—2016 and was 15-19 years old group from 2017 to 2022.Coverage levels for one doses was 77.32% in the 2010-2021births;the overall effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 91.83%(95%CI:91.43%-92.30%).Coverage levels for two doses was 45.86% in the 2010—2018 births;the overall effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 95.14%(95%CI:94.56%-95.66%).Conclusion The high incidence age group shifted from 5-9 years old to 15-19 years old.It was suggested that the vaccine administration should be used to targeted age groups.Levels of vaccine effectiveness for 2 doses of varicella vaccine were greater than levels of Vaccine effectiveness for one-doses.We suggest to introduce 2 dose of varicella vaccine into the national immunization program for children.

关 键 词：水痘 水痘疫苗 流行特征 保护效果 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]