宪法相关规定直接实施工作机制的法理内涵与实践展开  

Jurisprudential Connotation and Mechanism Construction for Direct Implementation of Relevant Stipulations of the Constitution

作　　者：莫纪宏[1] MO Jihong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第5期3-20,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：2023年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中国自主的宪法学知识体系研究”(2023JZDZ015);2023年度中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目(23ZKJC020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在坚持依宪立法的过程中,作为立法依据和合宪性审查依据的宪法,体现为宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神三种形式。宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神是宪法规范内容与形式相统一的载体。所有的宪法规范都集中体现在宪法文本所记载的各种形式的宪法规定之中。以宪法原则、宪法精神形式存在的宪法规范,需借助宪法解释的方法才能展现其规范的内涵和要求,其中,宪法原则可以从宪法文本中归纳和抽象出来,宪法精神则需要跳开宪法文本来发现其存在的价值。直接实施宪法是全面实施宪法的核心环节。宪法实施主体的合法性、宪法依据的客观性、宪法解释的必要性、宪法程序的保障性、合宪性审查的纠错性,是宪法直接实施机制中的关键制度要素,对于贯彻落实宪法规定缺一不可。基于政策层面的考虑,“宪法相关规定”特指紧急状态、特别行政区、祖国统一和国家安全这四个领域的宪法规定。只有把与宪法相关规定直接实施有关的各项工作整合在一个领导有力、指挥得当、协调一致、运行通畅的制度平台上,才能富有实效地解决相关宪法规定直接实施的各种难题。In the process of constitution-based legislation,the Constitution,as the basis of legislation and constitutionality review,is embodied in constitutional stipulations,constitutional principles and constitutional spirit.These are three kinds of formal carriers of the unification of the content and form of constitutional norms.All constitutional norms are concentrated in various forms of constitutional stipulations recorded in the text of the Constitution.The connotation and requirements of constitutional norms in the forms of constitutional principles and constitutional spirit need to be revealed by the method of constitutional interpretation.Constitutional principles can be summarized and abstracted from the constitutional text,while the value of the existence of constitutional spirit needs to be discovered from sources outside the constitutional text.Direct implementation of the Constitution is the key link in the full implementation of the Constitution.The legitimacy of the subjects of constitution implementation,the objectivity of constitutional basis,the necessity of constitutional interpretation,the guarantee of constitutional procedure,and the corrective nature of constitutional review are the key institutional elements in the mechanism for direct implementation of the Constitution,which are indispensable for the implementation of the stipulations of the Constitution.Based on policy considerations,"relevant stipulations of the Constitution"refer to specifically the constitutional stipulations in the four areas of emergency,special administrative regions,reunification of the motherland,and national security.Only by integrating the work of direct implementation of the relevant stipulations of the Constitution into a well-coordinated and smoothly operating institutional plaform with strong leadership and proper command,can problems relating to the direct implementation of relevant stipulations of the Constitution be effectively solved.

关 键 词：宪法规定 宪法规范 宪法原则 宪法精神 宪法直接实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]