精准塑造更高水平对外开放与涉外私法制度创新  

Precise Shaping Higher-level Opening-up and Institutional Innovation in Foreign-related Private Law

作　　者：张春良[1] ZHANG Chunliang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第5期204-224,共21页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：涉外私法关系基于其跨法域属性而在案件管辖及法律适用等方面具有选择可能性,其选择自由度与对外开放水平密切相关。涉外私法关系的选择可能性满足了境外投资者的安全保障需求,有助于消除其投资顾虑,作为营商环境的重要组成,可转化为一国对外商的投资吸引力和对外开放的制度竞争力。但境外投资者基于经营便利,常采当地法人的直接投资模式,在主体维度丧失了涉外性。我国为推进高水平开放设置了一系列试验区,主要采用“区域限定+资本限定”双要素叠加标准,赋予境外投资者在直接投资形式不变的前提下重获涉外法律治理红利即选择可能性,使之从对外开放的制度堵点转变为竞争支点。从“区域限定+外资外仲裁”到“区域限定+港资港法港仲裁”,再到“区域限定+外资外法外仲裁”,构成我国对外开放前沿的三代渐进实践。作为中国式现代化题中应有之义的更高水平对外开放,可将该积极经验在其他特定区域按需复制推广;将“区域”因素替换为行业、领域等因素,在治理模式上进化为行业、领域等因素限定下的“外资外法外仲裁”,实现多元因素导向的精确开放调控;并纵深革新境外仲裁机构的准入准营机制。变式赋予非涉外私法关系以选择可能性,可赋能我国靶向调控对外开放的区域、行业、领域和其他维度,锚定释放涉外法律治理红利,分类吸引外商外资,在更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次上精准塑造更高水平对外开放。Foreign private relations have the potential of choices in the jurisdictions to hear a case and the lex causae to decide the case etc.,which is closely related to the level of opening-up.The potential of choices satisfies the security needs of foreign investors and helps to address their investment concerns.As an important component of the business environment,it can be transformed into an attraction for foreign investors and the competitiveness of the opening-up policy of a state.Foreign investors often employ direct investment to establish local legal entities for the convenience of operation and hence lose the foreign-related element of legal subjects.China has set up a series of special zones to promote higher-level opening-up,mainly adopting the standard of the combination of regional restriction and capital restriction,that enables foreign investors to regain the potential of choices under the direct investment mode.The related practice in China's frontiers of opening-up has gradually undergone three stages of evolution:from the one in which domestic parties with foreign capital can submit arbitration abroad,to one in which domestic parties with Hong Kong capital can submit arbitration in Hong Kong with application of Hong Kong law,and to one in which domestic parties with foreign capital can submit arbitration abroad with the application of foreign law.The positive experience in higher-level opening-up in special zones,which is part of Chinese Modernization,can be replicated and popularized in specific regions in light of actual needs.China can also explore transplanting the governance model of allowing domestic parties with foreign capital to submit arbitration abroad with the application of foreign law from one field to another to realize precise opening-up,and innovate the market access and business access systems for foreign arbitration institutions.The possibility of choices in domestic private relations enables China to adjust in a targeted way the region,industry,fields and other dimensions of openi

关 键 词：涉外私法关系 管辖权 境外仲裁 临时仲裁 法律适用选择 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学] D920.0[政治法律—法学]