稻茬烤烟生长和烟叶品质对促早生快发施肥模式的响应  

Response ingrowth and leaf quality of paddy-tobacco to the fertilization mode ofpromotingearly growth and rapid development

作　　者：王灿 曾惠宇 江智敏[2] 文伟康 肖志鹏 胡庆辉[2] 夏冰[3] 邓小华[3] WANG Can;ZENG Huiyu;JIANG Zhimin;WEN Weikang;XIAO Zhipeng;HU Qinghui;XIA Bin;DENG Xiaohua(HengyangBranch of Hunan Tobacco Province Company,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.Ltd,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310008,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421001 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310008 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期28-34,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目(HYYC2022KJ17);浙江中烟工业有限责任公司科技重点项目(ZJZY2023B001)。

摘　　要：为解决湖南稻作烟区烤烟大田前期低温阴雨抑制烤烟生长、导致烟叶原料质量差和烤烟品质下降的问题,以云烟87为材料,设计优化基肥(添加微生物菌剂)和提苗肥(配施尿素),即促早生快发施肥模式,通过测定烤烟的农艺性状、干物质积累量和氮积累量、经济性状、物理特性、化学成分并进行烟叶感官评吸,对烟叶产量和质量综合效果进行模糊评价。结果表明:基肥中添加微生物菌剂和专用提苗肥配施尿素,可以提高株高和最大叶叶长、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶面积,增加烟株干物质积累量和氮积累量,提高烤烟的产量和产值,提高烟叶的平衡含水率和叶片厚度、烟叶总糖含量,降低烟碱含量,提高烟叶感官评吸质量,二者互作最终得到产量和质量综合效果较好的烟叶。与传统基肥和提苗肥的处理相比,经过在基肥中添加微生物菌剂并配施尿素作提苗肥的处理后,烤烟经济性状指数、感官质量指数和综合效果指数可分别提高11.27%、20.01%、12.61%。To solve the problem of decreased quality of the tobacco caused by low temperature and overcast-rain at prior period of field growth which inhibit the growth of tobacco in Hunan paddy-tobacco area,flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan87 was used as the experimental material,andoptimizedbase fertilizer(adding microbial agent)and seedling fertilizer(applying urea),namely,fertilization mode for promoting early growth and rapid development were applied to evaluate the comprehensive effect of the optimized fertilizer onyield and quality of tobacco leavesby analyzing the agronomic characters,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,economic characters,physical characteristics,chemical composition and sensory smoking quality of the flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the addition of microbial agent to base fertilizer and special seedling fertilizer combined with urea could increase plant height,maximum leaf length,width and area,increase dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,increase yield and outputvalue of flue-cured tobacco,increase the balanced moisture content and leaf thickness of tobacco leaves,increase the total sugar content of tobacco leaves,reduce the nicotine content,and improve the sensory evaluation and smoking quality of tobacco leaves.The interaction between the two resulted in tobacco leaves with comprehensively higher yield and better quality.The treatment of adding microbial inoculant in basal fertilizer and adding area as seedling-raising fertilizer wasbetter than those of traditional basal fertilizer and seedling-raising fertilizer,the economic character index,smoking quality index and comprehensive effect of index increased 11.27%,20.01%,and 12.61%,respectively.

关 键 词：烤烟 早生快发施肥模式 烟叶品质 产量和质量综合效果 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]