干旱胁迫对不同品种生姜苗期生长发育的影响  

Effects of drought stress on seedling growth and development of different ginger varieties

作　　者：刘小岑 吴艳碧 田野 阳婷倩 郭子涵 孙冲 刘奕清 朱永兴 LIU Xiaocen;WU Yanbi;TIAN Ye;YANG Tingqian;GUO Zihan;SUN Chong;LIU Yiqing;ZHU Yongxing(College of Horticulture and Gardening/Spicy Crops Research Institute,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;School of Landscape and Life Sciences,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Yongchuan 402160,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学园艺园林学院/香辛作物研究院,湖北荆州434025 [2]重庆文理学院园林与生命科学学院,重庆永川402160

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第5期843-853,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省国际科技合作计划项目(2024EHB559);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFB1001);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA0061);长江大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(YZ2023357)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探究干旱胁迫对生姜苗期形态变化、光合特性及其他生理指标的影响,为生姜耐旱机制研究及耐旱品种选育提供参考。[方法]以华北、华中、西南生姜主产区的5个主栽品种‘山东大姜’‘凤头姜’‘竹根姜’‘罗平小黄姜’和‘贵州小黄姜’为试验材料,通过250 g·L^(-1)PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,设置正常水分处理(CK)和干旱处理(DS),测定不同处理15 d时不同品种生姜叶片水分含量、叶片水势、光合作用、气孔表型、叶绿素含量等生长和生理指标,并采用石蜡切片法观察生姜茎部木质素沉积。[结果]与CK相比,干旱处理15 d各品种生姜叶片均有不同程度的卷曲发黄;叶片自由水含量(FWC)、相对含水量(RWC)及总含水量(TWC)显著下降,‘山东大姜’束缚水含量(BWC)升高,其余4个品种BWC显著降低;各品种生姜叶片水势显著下降,‘凤头姜’降幅最大;此外,叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))下降,气孔长度和宽度减小,保卫细胞长度和宽度无显著变化;5个品种中‘罗平小黄姜’光合指标受影响最大,其中G_(s)和T_(r)分别下降了100%、93.84%。‘山东大姜’叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和总叶绿素a+b(Chla+b)含量均下降但不显著,其他4个品种则显著下降;类胡萝卜素(Car)含量在‘山东大姜’中增加,但不显著,在其他4个品种中显著下降;在干旱处理后,‘山东大姜’和‘罗平小黄姜’茎秆木质素沉积量增加。[结论]干旱胁迫影响生姜苗期生长发育,且不同生姜品种耐旱性存在差异,5个生姜品种的耐旱性从强到弱排序:‘山东大姜’‘凤头姜’‘贵州小黄姜’‘竹根姜’‘罗平小黄姜’。‘山东大姜’耐旱性较强,可用于进一步的生姜抗旱分子机制解析和抗旱育种优质种质材料创制。[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the effects of drought stress on morphological changes,photosynthetic characteristics and other physiological indexes of ginger at seedling stage,and to provide reference for the study of drought tolerance mechanism and the selection of drought-tolerant varieties of ginger.[Methods]Five main varieties(‘Shandongdajiang’‘Fengtoujiang’‘Zhugenjiang’‘Luopingxiaohuangjiang’and‘Guizhouxiaohuangjiang’)were selected as test materials from the main ginger producing areas of North China,Central China and Southwest China.Drought stress was simulated by 250 g·L^(-1)PEG-6000 solution,normal water treatment(CK)and drought treatment(DS)was set to determine the growth and physiological indexes such as leaf moisture content,leaf water potential,photosynthesis,stomatal phenotype,chlorophyll content and other growth and physiological indexes of different varieties of ginger under different treatments at 15 days,and the lignin deposition of ginger stems was observed by paraffin sectioning method.[Results]Compared with CK,the leaves of various ginger varieties had different degrees of curly yellowness at 15 days of drought treatment.The free water content(FWC),relative water content(RWC)and total water content(TWC)of leaves decreased significantly,the content of bound water(BWC)of‘Shandongdajiang’increased,and the BWC content of the remaining four varieties decreased significantly.The water potential of the leaves of various varieties of ginger decreased significantly,and the‘Fengtoujiang’decreased the most.In addition,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i)),transpiration rate(T_(r))of leaves decreased,the length and width of the stomata decreased,and the length and width of guard cells did not change significantly.Among the five varieties,the photosynthetic index of‘Luopingxiaohuangjiang’was the most affected,and the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased by 100%and 93.84%,respectivel

关 键 词：生姜 干旱胁迫 光合特性 生理响应 

分 类 号：S632.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]