不同特肥配施在促进玉米生长中的效应研究  

Study on the effects of different special fertilizers used in combination to increase the growth of maize

作　　者：杭慧娴 陈硕 杨梦圆 刘花 赵耕毛[1] HANG Huixian;CHEN Shuo;YANG Mengyuan;LIU Hua;ZHAO Gengmao(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Coastal Land Engineering Research Center,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/海涂工程研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第5期880-890,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900702,2020YFD0900703);国家自然科学基金中美联合项目(51961125103)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究不同特肥产品的养分效应及其施用方法,为玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以市场主流特肥产品为研究对象,按其功能分类后布置盆栽试验,测试特肥产品对玉米生长的促进作用。通过Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析对玉米的14个指标进行综合评价,筛选出优质高效的特肥产品并予以复配施用。试验设10个处理:CK1(不施肥)、CK2(常规施肥)、T1(有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7)、T2(有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7)、T3(有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1)、T4(有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1)、T5(有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7)、T6(有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7)、T7(有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1)、T8(有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1),每处理3次重复,按随机区组排列设计。[结果]与CK1处理相比,特肥处理显著增加土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量(P<0.05),然而CK2处理土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在整个生育期中均维持最高水平,6叶期(35 d)时分别达到46.0、38.9和179.6 mg·kg^(-1)。玉米根系扫描结果显示,T4处理对玉米根系发育具有明显促进作用,与CK2处理相比,其总根长、根体积、根总表面积、根尖数均显著增加,其增幅分别为35.5%、43.9%、42.2%和28.9%。各特肥处理也均促进了玉米对矿物质营养的吸收利用,根、茎、叶的N、P、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)等元素含量明显增加。同时,特肥处理均显著促进玉米生长,其中T4处理均显著增加玉米株高、茎粗、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重。[结论]由有机肥、无机肥、生物刺激素复配而成的特肥能促进玉米营养吸收,协调玉米根系与茎叶生长,其中T4处理(3.0 t·hm^(-2)有机肥O12+45.0 kg·hm^(-2)无机肥I3+稀释20 000倍生物刺激素M1复配)为玉米最佳特肥施用方法。[Objectives]This research aimed to investigate the nutrient effects of various special fertilizers and their application methods,as well as to offer a theoretical foundation for the reasonable use of special fertilizers for high-yield of maize production.[Methods]The special fertilizers on the market were utilized as research materials,and the maize pot experiment was set up after they were sorted into functional categories.14 maize parameters were thoroughly assessed using Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis.Effectively special fertilizers were then selected and used for culturing maize.10 experimental treatments were set as follows:CK1(no fertilizer),CK2(conventional fertilization),T1(organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M7),T2(organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M7),T3(organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M1),T4(organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M1),T5(organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M7),T6(organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M7),T7(organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M1),and T8(organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M1),with three replications for each treatment,designed in randomized block arrangement.[Results]Compared with the CK1 treatment,the special fertilizer treatment significantly(P<0.05)increased the soil content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.However,the available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the CK2 treatment maintained the highest level throughout the reproductive period,reaching 46.0,38.9 and 179.6 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,at the six-leaf stage(35 d).Root scanning results demonstrated that T4 treatment greatly accelerated the growth of maize roots,with a significant increase in total root length,root volume,total root surface area,and number of root tips,which increased by 35.5%,43.9%,42.2%and 28.9%,respectively,compared with the CK2 treatment.Additional

关 键 词：玉米 特肥 配合施用 土壤养分 根系发育 促生作用 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]