天然气掺氢对终端用户的影响  

Impact of Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas on End User

作　　者：李小龙 LI Xiaolong(China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广州510663

出　　处：《能源研究与管理》2024年第3期57-63,70,共8页Energy Research and Management

摘　　要：为明确现有终端用户设备的掺氢适应性情况,通过案例调研和模型试验分析的方法,评估天然气输送系统中氢气掺混对终端用户设备——居民设备(如燃气灶、热水器、壁挂炉)和工业设备(燃气锅炉、燃气轮机、压缩机、发动机)在燃烧稳定性、热效率和污染物排放等方面的影响。结果表明:适量掺氢能够改善燃烧性能,降低污染物排放,然而掺氢比的提高也引入了如火焰稳定性下降、材料兼容性问题等安全风险。掺氢比10%以内时,对居民燃气设备燃烧特征及稳定性影响较弱,并一定程度降低了污染排放物。因工业设备的运行原理差异,其对掺氢比也表现不同的适应性。燃气锅炉的示范应用表明23%左右是最佳掺氢比,而燃气轮机在掺氢比介于10%~20%的情况下,能够保持设备的安全可靠性,防止回火并且满足排放标准;掺氢可以解决发动机初期点火所需能量大、稀燃能力不足的问题,但排放尾气成分则受多种因素影响;压缩机的转动速率和构造的稳固性在混入氢气后会受到显著影响,目前建议掺氢比在10%以下。In order to clarify the hydrogen blending adaptability of the end-user equipment,case research and model test analysis are conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrogen blending on end-user equipment-residential equipment(e.g.gas stoves,water heaters,wall-mounted furnaces)and industrial equipment(gas boilers,gas turbines,compressors,engines)in terms of combustion stability,thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions.The results show that moderate hydrogen blending can improve combustion performance and reduce pollutant emission,but the increase of hydrogen ratio also introduces risks such as flame unstable and material compatibility problems.When the hydrogen ratio is smaller than 10%,little impact on the combustion characteristics and stability of residential gas equipment can be seen,and the emissions are reduced to a certain extent.Due to the different operating principle,different adaptability of industrial equipment is also found for hydrogen ratio:the demonstration application of gas boiler shows that about 23%is the optimal hydrogen ratio,while the gas turbine can maintain the safety and reliability of the equipment,prevent flashback and meet emission standards when the hydrogen ratio is between 10%and 20%.Hydrogen blending can solve the problems of large energy required for ignition and insufficient lean combustion capacity in the initial ignition of the engine,but the composition of the exhaust gas is affected by many factors.The rotational rate and stability of the compressor are significantly affected by hydrogen,and it is currently recommended to blend hydrogen less than 10%.

关 键 词：天然气 掺氢 终端用户 燃烧性能 排放物 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TQ038.4[化学工程]