不同经营方法对秦岭华北落叶松林分生长和林下植被的影响  

Effects of Different Management Methods on Stand Growth and Understory Vegetation of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Qinling Mountains

作　　者：黄栋才 郭鑫 王得祥[1] 王韵淑 张欣 霍雪莹 Huang Dongcai;Guo Xin;Wang Dexiang;Wang Yunshu;Zhang Xin;Huo Xueying(College of Forestry,Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,Yangling 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第8期57-66,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：丹江上游油松飞播林健康经营关键技术研究(SXLK20210201)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同经营方法对秦岭华北落叶松林分生长和林下植被的影响,以期提高生态系统生产力,优化该地区华北落叶松人工林经营技术,为实现森林可持续经营提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以西北农林科技大学教学实验林场平河梁华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,根据近自然经营指导下的抚育间伐技术措施,设置间伐处理(T1,间伐强度20%)和林窗处理(T2,只留下少许保留木,伐出其他乔木,形成32 m×32 m的方形林窗),以未经营样地为对照(CK),间伐和林窗经营7年后,调查不同经营方法对人工林林分生长及林下植被更新和生长的影响。【结果】间伐后的林木平均胸径、单株材积、总蓄积量均显著高于对照组,但树高变化较小;间伐和林窗处理下的林下幼苗生长发育与对照组均存在显著差异(P<0.05);间伐处理中,华山松和云杉幼苗的成活率较高,但人工补植的红桦幼苗全部死亡;间伐和林窗处理既促进了人工补植幼苗生长,又促进了幼苗天然更新;间伐和林窗处理后林下灌草的物种多样性显著提高;间伐和林窗处理后林下灌草的种类和盖度提高,物种丰富度也显著增加,以间伐处理效果最佳;对照样地和经营后样地之间共有植物种少,而间伐处理和林窗处理之间共有种较多,相似性系数高。【结论】间伐和林窗2种经营方法对华北落叶松人工林生长均有促进作用,间伐经营对华北落叶松人工林生长和幼苗更新的促进效果更为明显,灌草的物种多样性也在间伐后显著提高,在秦岭其他区域的华北落叶松人工林中采用间伐经营更加合理。【Objective】Effects of different management methods on stand growth and understory vegetation of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Qinling Mountains were discussed in order to improve ecosystem productivity,optimize management technology of Larix principis-rupprechtii in this area,and provide theoretical and practical basis for sustainable forest management.【Method】Taking the Larix principis-rupprechtii in Pingheliang,a teaching experimental forest farm of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,as the research object,according to the technical measures of tending and thinning under the guidance of close to natural management,two management treatments were set:thinning(T1,thinning intensity 20%)and window(T2,only a few reserved trees are left,and other trees are cut out to form a square forest window of 32 m×32 m.),and the unmanaged sample plot was taken as the control(CK).After 7 years of thinning and window management,the effects of different management methods on stand growth and understory regeneration and growth were investigated.【Result】After thinning,the average DBH,volume per tree,and total stock of trees were significantly higher than those of control group,but the tree height changed little.The growth and development of understory seedlings under thinning and window treatment were significantly different from those in control group(P<0.05).In the thinning treatment,the survival rate of Pinus armandii and Picea asperata seedlings was higher,but the Betula albosinesis seedlings were all dead.Thinning and window treatment not only promoted the growth of artificial replanting seedlings,but also promoted the natural regeneration of seedlings.Species diversity of understory shrub increased significantly after thinning and window treatment.After thinning and window treatment,the species and coverage of understory shrub increased,and the species richness also increased significantly.The thinning treatment had the best effect.There are fewer common plant species between normal plots an

关 键 词：华北落叶松人工林 近自然经营 林窗 林分生长 物种多样性 更新 

分 类 号：S791.22[农业科学—林木遗传育种]