基于缪子成像技术对浅层与深层地质结构的模拟研究  

Simulation study on shallow and deep geological structures based on muon imaging technology

作　　者：肖万成 罗思远 何列 刘雨晨 尹隆乡 张海峰 邹雨辰[1,2] 王晓冬 XIAO Wancheng;LUO Siyuan;HE Lie;LIU Yuchen;YIN Longxiang;ZHANG Haifeng;ZOU Yuchen;WANG Xiaodong(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Safety,Ministry of Education,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院,衡阳421001 [2]先进核能技术设计与安全教育部重点实验室,衡阳421001

出　　处：《核技术》2024年第9期12-22,共11页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12275120);湖湘青年英才(No.2022RC1202);湖南省自然科学基金(No.2021JJ20006);中国科学技术部基金(No.2020YFE0202001)资助。

摘　　要：缪子透射成像技术是一种基于物体密度差的新型成像技术,利用穿透物体前后的通量变化实现目标物的远距离无损成像。矿产资源勘查与地质结构的勘探对于经济、社会和环境的可持续发展具有重要意义,缪子透射成像技术可以作为现有勘探手段的有力补充。基于Geant4软件模拟研究宇宙射线缪子在不同地质结构中的物理过程,首先研究了该技术区分两个物体时需要存在的密度差大小,其次在地面结构的模拟中构建了火山模型并对其进行宇宙射线缪子透射成像研究,最后模拟在地下600 m深处对矿洞上方未探明的不同规模矿体使用缪子探测器进行扩展勘探。研究结果表明:使用缪子透射成像技术能够区分密度差大于5%的地质结构,并反演出火山的密度分布;在地下600 m深处,当射线穿透矿体的路径不透明度与周围岩石的路径不透明度差值大于4%时,缪子透射成像技术便能够识别深层岩石中的矿体。因此,当存在合理的密度差时,将缪子透射成像技术应用于地质勘探能够实现无损勘探并获得较高的成像精度。[Background]The exploration of mineral resources and geological structures is crucial for the sustainable development of the economy,society,and environment.Cosmic ray muons,a type of natural background radiation,can be utilized in muon transmission imaging which is based on density differences of transmitted target.[Purpose]This study aims to enable non-contact,long-range,and non-destructive imaging of target objects,making it a powerful complement to traditional exploration methods for mineral resources.[Methods]The Geant4 software was utilized to simulate the physical processes of cosmic ray muons with materials of varying densities,and the shallow and deep geological structures were explored using a"telescope"configuration for muon transmission imaging.Firstly,the discriminability of muon imaging technology for substances with varying percentage density differences in rocks.For the simulation of,a volcanic model was constructed and four muon detectors was employed for simulating the imaging of the shallow geological structures from different angles,ensuring coverage of the entire mountain.Then,muon detectors located 600 m underground were utilized to extend exploration above unexplored areas with varying scales of undiscovered gold ore to obtain deep geological structures.Muons with energy lower than the minimum penetrating energy along their paths were absorbed by objects whilst muons that reached the detectors carried information about the materials along their paths.Meanwhile,the collected ray information was utilized to establish a density inversion model to obtain the minimum penetrating energy for each path,enabling the deduction of opacity distribution.Finally,the density distribution of volcanic model was determined by combining the geometric structure of the detected object,and individual detection points enabled two-dimensional monitoring whilst multiple detection points allowed for three-dimensional monitoring.[Results]The imaging results of simulation show that the muon transmission imaging method

关 键 词：宇宙射线缪子 透射成像 密度差 地质勘探 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]