春小麦生理指标对土壤水分持续减少的响应特征分析  

Study on Response Characteristics of Physiological Indexes of Spring Wheat in Key Growth Stages to Drought Process

作　　者：张新刚 杜子璇[2] 赵福年[3] 李慧萍 王媛 徐林泽 Zhang Xingang;Du Zixuan;Zhao Funian;Li Huiping;Wang Yuan;Xu Linze(Jiaozuo Meteorological Office of Henan Province,Jiaozuo 454003,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA/Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市气象局,河南焦作454003 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [3]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第5期17-23,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室应用技术研究基金项目(KM202237)。

摘　　要：为研究春小麦生理指标对土壤水分变化的响应特征,以春小麦品种定西40为试材,于2019年进行春小麦盆栽试验,在拔节初期设置对照(CK)和干旱(DR)两个水分处理,分析春小麦旗叶水势(LWP)及光合生理参数等对土壤水分变化的响应特征。结果表明:随着土壤水分的减少,LWP显著下降,07时LWP较11时LWP对土壤水分变化更敏感;随着土壤水分的减少,春小麦叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))快速下降,平均降幅分别为64%、76%和70%。LWP、P_(n)、T_(r)、R_(s)(气孔阻力)、C_(i)与土壤相对湿度(RSM)呈指数函数关系,决定系数为0.310~0.874,水分利用效率(WUE)与RSM呈幂函数关系(R^(2)=0.212)。该研究可为黄土高原半干旱区春小麦水分的高效利用提供理论依据。In order to study the response characteristics of spring wheat physiological indexes to the change of soil moisture content,the variety of Dingxi 40 was used as test material in a pot experiment in 2019.Two water treatments including control(CK)and drought(DR)were set at the early jointing stage,and the response characteristics of leaf water potential(LWP)and photosynthetic physiological parameters to the change of soil moisture content were analyzed.The results show that LWP decreases significantly with the continuous decline of soil moisture.LWP at 07:00 am is more sensitive to the change of soil moisture than at 11:00 am.With the decreasing soil moisture,leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))decline rapidly with the decrease rate being 64%,76% and 70% on average,respectively.LWP,P_(n),T_(r),R_(s) and C_(i) have exponential function relationships with relative soil moisture(RSM),and the determination coefficient is between 0.310 and 0.874.The results show that the relationship between water use efficiency(WUE)and RSM is a power function(R^(2)=0.212).This research result can provide a theoretical basis for efficient water usage and drought monitoring of spring wheat in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：春小麦 生理指标 干旱 水势 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] S161.3