2015-2021年河南省大气污染时空规律及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Air Pollution and Its Impact Factors in Henan Province During 2015-2021

作　　者：杨少波 杨奇 孔海江[1,3,4] 王瑞祥 徐文隆 Yang Shaobo;Yang Qi;Kong Haijiang;Wang Ruixiang;Xu Wenlong(CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Meteorological Observation Data Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Meteorological Observatory,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Anyang National Climate Observatory,Anyang 455000,China;Guizhou Atmospheric Detection and Technical Support Center,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]河南省气象探测数据中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象台,郑州450003 [4]安阳国家气候观象台,河南安阳455000 [5]贵州省大气探测技术与保障中心,贵阳550081

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第5期24-33,共10页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室应用技术研究基金项目(KM202115、KQ202210)。

摘　　要：利用河南省环境空气质量国控自动监测站2015-2021年的监测数据,分析了河南省空气质量、一次大气污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、SO_(2)和NO_(2))和二次污染物O_(3)的年、月、日变化及空间分布特征,并对O_(3)污染的成因进行了探讨。结果表明:2015-2021年河南省空气质量逐渐好转,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO一次污染物的浓度呈现明显下降趋势,下降幅度分别达42.0%、33.1%、76.6%、35.1%和47.6%;O_(3)的小时平均浓度则呈现上升趋势,升幅达21.7%,光化学产生的O_(3)二次污染问题变得突出。河南省AQI及一次污染物总体呈现北高南低的分布特征,空气质量的空间聚集现象总体表现明显。暖季的空气质量优于冷季的。一次污染物浓度高值中心分布在河南省偏北部;O_(3)浓度冷季的高值中心在偏南部,而在暖季的高值中心转移至北部。河南省AQI及一次污染物浓度在本省北部地区09-10时出现最大值,而在南部地区最大值出现时段为22-23时;O_(3)浓度的高值时间段则为12-18时,与日照辐射的时间段一致。河南省O_(3)污染问题受机动车排放的影响越来越显著,对机动车排放的协同控制则可能是治理O_(3)污染的有效手段。The annual,monthly and daily changes and spatial distribution characteristics of air quality,primary air pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),CO,SO_(2) and NO_(2))and secondary pollutant O_(3) in Henan Province are analyzed by using the detected data from the state-controlled air quality monitoring stations in 2015-2021.Besides,the causes for O_(3) pollution are discussed.The results show that the air quality in Henan Province improved gradually from 2015 to 2021.The concentrations of primary pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2) and CO)showed a significantly decreasing trend,with the descent range reaching 42.0%,33.1%,76.6%,35.1% and 47.6%,respectively.However,the hourly average concentration of O_(3) was in an upward trend,rising by 21.7%.The problem of secondary pollution caused by photochemical O_(3) became prominent.The AQI and primary pollutants in Henan Province were generally high in the north and low in the south,and the spatial clustering phenomenon of air quality was obvious in general.The air quality in the warm season was better than in the cold season,and the center of high primary pollutant concentration was generally distributed in the northern part of Henan Province.The center of high O_(3) concentration in the cold season was in the southern part,while it shifted to the northern part in the warm season.The maximum values of AQI and primary pollutants usually appeared in the time period 09:00-10:00 in northern part of Henan Province and in 22:00-23:00 in the southern part.The high value of O_(3) concentration was observed between 12:00 and 18:00,which is consistent with the period of solar radiation.The O_(3) pollution problem in Henan Province is more and more significantly influenced by motor vehicle emissions,and the concerted control of motor vehicle emissions may be an effective means to control O_(3) pollution.

关 键 词：大气污染 臭氧 空气质量 机动车 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]