油茶水肥一体化应用研究  

Study on the Application of Water and Fertilizer Integration of Camellia Oleifera

作　　者：张坤昌 赖炜利 王川 张观林 吕宇宙 岑应源 李永泉 廖柏勇 涂攀峰 ZHANG Kunchang;LAI Weili;WANG Chuan;ZHANG Guanlin;LYU Yuzhou;CEN Yingyuan;LI Yongquan;LIAO Boyong;TU Panfeng(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510225;Shaoguan Qujiang District State-owned Xiaokeng Forest Farm,Shaoguan,Guangdong 512600;Zhongkai Guangmei Research Institute,Meizhou,Guangdong 514000)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广东广州510225 [2]韶关市曲江区国有小坑林场,广东韶关512600 [3]仲恺广梅研究院,广东梅州514000

出　　处：《热带农业工程》2024年第4期57-62,共6页Tropical Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：梅州市科技计划项目“梅州市油茶高效丰产栽培技术研究与示范”(No.2021A0304001);中央财政林业改革发展资金项目“油茶低改专用肥及水肥一体化配套技术推广示范”(No.2021GDTK-02号)。

摘　　要：水肥一体化技术可以提高油茶品质和产量。以多年生赣州系列‘长林4’‘长林40’‘湘林21’‘岑软3号’油茶为研究对象,通过油茶水肥一体化滴灌施肥与常规施肥对比,分析树体营养元素含量、果实品质、产量和土壤理化性质等相关指标。结果发现2018—2022年,油茶主要品种通过水肥一体化滴灌施肥,增产率为8.18%~421.74%,‘岑软3号’‘湘林210’2个油茶品种产量分别提高1.31、1.99倍;水肥一体化滴灌下,大量元素、中量元素和微量元素含量均高于常规施肥(钙元素除外),且果实性状(单果重、鲜出籽率和干出籽率)总体上高于常规施肥处理;水肥一体化表层土壤和深层土壤的土壤化学元素含量均高于常规施肥。表明水肥一体化能有效改善油茶林地土壤养分,提高树体营养、产量和果实品质,获得良好的经济效益。The quality and output per unit area of Camellia oleifera can be improved through technology of fertigation.Taking the perennial Ganzhou series,'Changlin 4','Changlin 40','Xianglin 21'and'Cenruan 3'Camellia oleifera as the research object,the tree nutrition,fruit quality,yield and soil of Camellia oleifera were analyzed and compared through the comparison between the fertigation and conventional fertilization.The yield and harvest of the fertigation system in Xiaokeng Forest farm showed that the yield increase rate of the main varieties of Camellia oleifera reached 8.18%-421.74%through the fertigation during 2018-2022.In 2022,the yield of'Cenruan.3'and'Xianglin 210'Camellia oleifera varieties increased by 1.31 times and 1.99 times under fertigation respectively,compared with conventional fertilization.Under fertigation,the contents of many elements,medium elements and trace elements were all higher than those under conventional fertilization(except calcium),and the fruit characters(single fruit weight,fresh seed yield and dry seed yield)were generally higher than those under conventional fertilization.The contents of soil chemical elements in surface soil and deep soil were higher than those in conventional fertilization.The fertigation can effectively improve the soil of Camellia oleifera forest,improve tree nutrition,fruit quality and yield,and achieve better economic benefits.

关 键 词：油茶 水肥一体化 叶片营养 土壤养分 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]