从“轻其轻罪,重其重罪”看唐明两代君主集权方式的变化及其启示  

The Change and Enlightenment of the Centralization Mode of the Monarchs in Tang and Ming Dynasties from the Perspective of“Less Punishment for Minor Crimes and Heavier Punishment for Crimes Threatening the Monarchy”

作　　者：吕晓鼎 Lyu Xiaoding(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2024年第3期48-57,共10页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：“轻其轻罪,重其重罪”是明代君权高度集中的结果。君主集权作为专制主义下的必然趋势,但在唐明两代却呈现出不同方式。唐代君主较多采用分权制衡的方式,防止大臣一家独大威胁君权,从而实现集权。而明代废除相权带来了君权加重,为了有效驾驭极重的君权,明代君主的集权方式多样而激烈,典型表现就是通过严刑峻法与超强社会控制在肉体与精神上彻底消灭威胁君权的因素,从而达到集权的目的。这也造成了中国传统社会后期法制的畸形发展,极大地阻碍了社会的进步。通过对比唐明两代的君主集权方式,给予我们的启示是:在当今法治建设中,一方面要保持法律与社会发展的适应性,以法律为改革保驾护航;另一方面则应汲取“法深无善治”的教训,使法律简而能禁,从而构筑新时代中国特色社会主义的良法善治体系。"Less punishment for minor crimes and heavier punishment for crimes threatening the monarchy"was a result of the high concentration of monarchy during the Ming Dynasty.The centralization of monarchy is an inevitable trend under despotism,but in the Tang and Ming dynasties it showed different ways.The monarchs of the Tang Dynasty often employed the method of decentralization and decentralized checks and balances,with the aim of preventing the ministers from dominating and threatening the monarchy,so as to achieve centralization.In contrast,the abolition of the chancellor's office during the Ming Dynasty significantly increased imperial power.In order to effectively control the extremely immense monarchy,the monarchy of the Ming Dynasty adopted various and intense methods of centralization.The typical manifestation was the complete elimination of threats to the monarchy both physically and mentally through harsh punishments and intensive social control factors,so as to achieve the purpose of centralization,which also led to the distorted development of the legal system in the later period of traditional Chinese society,greatly hindering social progress.By comparing the centralization methods of the monarchy in the Tang and Ming dynasties,we gain valuable insights for contemporary legal construction.In the construction of the rule of law nowadays,on the one hand,we need to maintain the adaptability of the law to social development,and use the law to safeguard the comprehensive deepening of reform.On the other hand,we should learn from the lesson of history that'excessive laws lead to poor governance',aiming to create laws that are simple yet effective in prohibition.This will help build a system of good laws and good governance for the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：轻其轻罪 重其重罪 君主集权 分权制衡 法严刑酷 启示 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]