云南墨江县农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压的流行现状及与心血管病危险因素聚集性的关系  

Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Relationship with Clustering of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in The Elderly of Han Majority and Ha Ni Ethnic Minority in Rural District of Mojiang County of Yunnan Province

作　　者：黄友 李国晖 刘杜丽 余孜孜 左梅 李芹 吕波 蔡乐 HUANG You;LI Guohui;LIU Duli;YU Zizi;ZUO Mei;LI Qin;LYU Bo;CAI Le(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Trade Union,The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming Yunnan 650031,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南昆明650500 [2]昆明医科大学第一附属医院工会,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《昆明医科大学学报》2024年第9期42-48,共7页Journal of Kunming Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026);云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项重点项目(202401AY070001-027);云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11)。

摘　　要：目的分析云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压的流行现状及与心血管病危险因素聚集性的关系。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法从墨江哈尼族自治县≥60岁农村常住的老年人群中分别抽取1413名汉族和1402名哈尼族老年人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率分别为64.5%和63.4%;女性、家庭人均年收入高和医疗服务可及性好的老年人高血压患病率均是汉族高于哈尼族,而医疗服务可及性差的老年人高血压患病率则是汉族低于哈尼族(P<0.05)。汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而升高(P<0.05)。心血管疾病危险因素聚集率在汉族和哈尼族老年人中分别为90.4%和86.9%,汉族略高于哈尼族(P<0.05);其中在女性、家庭人均年收入高和医疗服务可及性好的老年人中,心血管病危险因素聚集率汉族高于哈尼族(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心血管病危险因素聚集(OR=1.590,95%CI:1.101~2.296,P=0.013)是汉族老年人高血压的危险因素;且在汉族和哈尼族中,存在4种(汉族:P=0.016,哈尼族P=0.029)或≥5种(哈尼族:P<0.001,哈尼族P<0.001)心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体相较于不存在心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体具有更高的高血压患病危险性。结论云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率和心血管病危险因素聚集率均处于较高水平,应重点关注存在多个心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体,减少心血管病危险因素聚集数量有助于降低高血压的患病危险性。Objective To analyze the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with the clustering of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in the elderly of Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority in rural districts of Yunnan Province.Methods The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1413 Han majority participants and 1402 Ha Ni ethnic minority participants aged≥60 years from Mo Jiang Hani Autonomous County,respectively,and each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 64.5%for Han majority and 63.4%for Ha Ni ethnic minority.Female Han older adults,Han older adults with higher annual income and good medical service accessibility had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Ha Ni ethnic minority counterparts(all P<0.05),while Han older adults with poor medical service accessibility had a lower prevalence of hypertension than Ha Ni ethnic minority counterparts(P<0.05).Prevalence of hypertension increased with age for both ethnicities(all P<0.05).The prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors was 90.4%and 86.9%among Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority,respectively,which was higher in the Han majority than in the Ha Ni ethnic minority(P<0.05).Compared with the Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly.Female Han older adults,Han older adults with higher annual income and good medical service accessibility had a higher prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors(all P<0.01).The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clustering of CVD risk factors was a risk factor for hypertension in the elderly of Han majority(OR=1.590,95%CI:1.101~2.296,P=0.013);In addition,for both Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority older adults,the individuals with 4(Han:P=0.016,Ha Ni:P=0.029)or≥5(Han:P<0.001,Ha Ni:P<0.001)CVD risk factors had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without clusters of cardiovascular disease risk factors.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and clustering of CVD risk factors are

关 键 词：汉族 哈尼族 高血压 危险因素 聚集 农村 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]