2019—2023年滨州市水痘疑似病例检测结果及流行特征分析  

Analysis on the Detection Results and Epidemiological Characteristics of Suspected Varicella Cases of Binzhou from 2019 to 2023

作　　者：赵娜娜 黄莹[1] 孙笑笑 孙达 张丽芳[1] Zhao Nana;Huang Ying;Sun Xiaoxiao;Sun Da;Zhang Lifang(Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Binzhou,Shandong,256600,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市疾病预防控制中心,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第9期59-61,65,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:通过对2019—2023年山东省滨州市疑似水痘病例血清进行水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgM抗体检测,并对检测数据进行分析,了解滨州市水痘发病情况,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:收集2019—2023年滨州市水痘疑似病例的血清样本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测IgM抗体,分析人群、地区、时间及疫苗接种情况的分布特征。结果:2019—2023年共收集滨州市水痘疑似病例血清样本802例,检出阳性样本441例,阳性率为54.99%。发病病例主要集中在20岁及以下人群,占阳性构成比的80.04%。男性与女性抗体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。水痘发病具有一定季节性,高峰出现在每年5月和10月。无水痘疫苗接种史病例阳性检出率高于有疫苗接种史病例,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.329,P<0.05)。结论:2019—2023年滨州市水痘发病时间呈现双峰状,发病人群以学生为主,发病年龄出现后移。建议相关部门加大宣传力度,并加强学校日常监测工作,尽快将水痘疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,提高水痘疫苗接种率,从而有效预防和控制水痘的传播。OBJECTIVE Through the detection of varicella-zoster virus IgM antibody in the sera of suspected varicella cases from 2019 to 2023 in Binzhou of Shandong,analysis of the detection data,the incidence of varicella in Binzhou was understood,the reference was provided for relevant departments to formulate varicella prevention and control strategies.METHODS The serum samples from suspected cases of varicella in Binzhou were collected from 2019 to 2023,and their IgM antibodies were detected by enzym-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the distribution characteristics of population,region,time and vaccination were analyzed.RESULTS From 2019 to 2023,a total of 802 serum samples were collected in Binzhou,and 441 samples were positive,with a positive rate of 54.99%.The cases were mainly concentrated in the age of 20 and below,accounting for 80.04%of the positive component.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody between male and female(P>0.05).The onset of varicella was seasonal,with peaks in May and October.The positive detection rate of cases with no history of varicella vaccination was higher than that of those with history of vaccination,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.329,P<0.05).CONCLUSION From 2019 to 2023,the onset time of varicella in Binzhou showed a bimodal distribution,the incidence of the disease was mainly students,and the age of onset shifted backward.It is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen publicity efforts,strengthen daily surveillance in schools,incorporate varicella vaccine into the national immunization program as soon as possible,and increase the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine,so as to effectively prevent and control the spread of varicella.

关 键 词：水痘 血清学检测 疑似病例 抗体 流行特征 疫苗 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]