国际首颗动目标检测专用卫星的设计与在轨验证  

Design and on-orbit validation for the first dedicated moving target detection satellite in the world

作　　者：杜鑫 钟若飞[1,2] 杨灿坤 李清扬 周春平 李小娟[1,2] 宫辉力[1,2] DU Xin;ZHONG Ruofei;YANG Cankun;LI Qingyang;ZHOU Chunping;LI Xiaojuan;GONG Huili(Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application,Ministry of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [3]北京遥感信息研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期3-10,共8页Journal of Capital Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3904101);国家自然科学基金项目(42071444);北京成像理论与技术高精尖创新中心专项。

摘　　要：随着卫星技术的快速发展,遥感应用需求由传统的静态观测向动态监测转变。目前支持动目标检测的遥感卫星存在慢速运动目标提取困难、观测范围受限及数据量大不易传输和处理等问题。本文在成像采样模式、数据处理方法、硬件体系结构上提出创新思路:(1)设计了双线阵推扫成像遥感相机,单次成像获取时差可控同谱双条带数据,突破卫星无机动条件下大范围动目标观测难题,形成动态遥感概念中“瞬时变化”信息的获取手段。(2)自主研制配套星上智能处理单元,部署高效数据处理算法,通过高性能硬件加速体系结构设计,形成了动态遥感体系中的即时遥感服务的硬件载体。技术验证样机已经搭载泰景四号01卫星成功发射,使其成为国际首颗动目标检测专用卫星。在轨验证结果表明,该卫星可实现在推扫视场内大范围运动目标检测,对于高铁、车辆和船舶等动目标均有较好的检测效果,并且星上处理单元在时间效率、能耗利用及处理效果方面均满足在轨处理应用需求。相关技术和成果对智能交通、防灾救灾和国家安全等应用领域具有较高的理论价值和现实意义。With the rapid development of satellite technology,the demand on remote sensing applications has shifted from traditional static observation to dynamic monitoring.Current remote sensing satellites supporting moving target detection face challenges,such as the difficulties in extracting slow-moving targets,the limited observation coverage,and the difficulties of transmission and processing of large volumes of data.This paper proposes innovative approaches in camera imaging modes,data processing methods,and hardware architecture.(1)The design of a remote sensing camera with the dual-line array push-broom imaging mode is proposed,which allows for the acquisition of same-spectral dual-strip data with controllable time differences in a single imaging session;this breakthrough overcomes the challenge of observing large-scale moving targets under non-agile satellite conditions and provides a means to obtain“instantaneous change”information in the context of dynamic remote sensing.(2)The supporting onboard intelligent processing unit is developed independently,which is equipped with efficient onboard processing algorithms;through the design of high-performance parallel computing hardware-accelerated architecture,the hardware carrier of real-time remote sensing service in the dynamic remote sensing system is formed.The prototype based on the technology has been successfully launched aboard the MN200Sar-1 optical remote sensing satellite,positioning it as the first dedicated moving target detection satellite in the world.The on-orbit verification results show that the satellite is capable of detecting a wide range of moving targets within its sweeping field of view.It exhibits excellent detection performance for high-speed trains,vehicles,ships and other objects in motion.And the on-board processing unit meets the requirements for on-board processing applications in terms of time efficiency,energy utilization,and processing effectiveness.The related technologies and achievements hold significant theoretical and practic

关 键 词：星上处理 动目标检测 双线阵推扫 硬件架构 在轨验证 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]