轨道客车连接技术难题及发展趋势  

Challenges and Development Trends of Rail Vehicle Connection Technology

作　　者：韩晓辉 刘桐 李刚卿 方喜风 HAN Xiaohui;LIU Tong;LI Gangqing;FANG Xifeng(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第9期1-13,共13页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：随着轨道交通产业的快速发展,对列车的核心指标提出了更高的要求。车辆用材料强度级别不断提高、厚度不断减薄,合金成分更加复杂,以碳纤维为代表的轻质复合材料,在车辆部件中的应用逐步扩大。三维复杂结构、超薄壁及大差异异质连接需求不断增加,对连接技术提出了新的挑战。文中剖析了传统连接方式在质量、成本、效率等方面存在的不足,提出了轨道客车连接技术的发展趋势。通过在电弧焊、电阻焊等传统方法上叠加新的能量场,实现了焊接质量及作业效率的提升;通过开发激光焊、激光-电弧复合焊等高能密度热源焊接方法,解决了长大、薄壁部件的高强韧、高精度连接难题;通过开发搅拌摩擦焊、感应钎焊等绿色焊接技术,改善了焊接作业环境,降低焊接能耗;随着机器人及信息技术的快速发展,数字化、智能化的连接制造模式渐成主流;通过焊接-粘接-铆接-栓接等多种连接方法综合运用,解决了多材料体系下的异质连接难题。With the rapid development of the rail transit industry,higher requirements have been put forward for the core indicators of trains.The strength level of materials used in vehicles continues to increase,the thickness continues to decrease,and the alloy composition becomes more complex,and the application of lightweight composite materials represented by carbon fiber in vehicle components is gradually expanding.The increasing demand for three-dimensional complex structures,ultra-thin walls and large differences in heterogeneous connections poses new challenges to the joining technology.This paper analyzes the shortcomings of traditional connection methods in terms of quality,cost and efficiency,and puts forward the development trend of rail passenger car connection technology.Through the development of high-energy-density heat source welding methods such as laser welding and laser-arc composite welding,the problem of high-strength,toughness and high-precision connection of long-walled and thin-walled components is solved;through the development of green welding technologies such as friction stir welding,induction brazing,ultrasonic welding,etc.,the welding operation environment is improved and the welding energy consumption is reduced;with the rapid development of robots and information technology,digitalization,The intelligent connection manufacturing mode has gradually become the mainstream,and the heterogeneous connection problem under the multi-material system is solved through the comprehensive application of various connection methods such as welding,bonding,riveting,and bolting.

关 键 词：轨道客车 连接技术 材料 焊接 

分 类 号：TG47[金属学及工艺—焊接]