医疗建筑楼梯与电梯多通道耦合疏散策略优化仿真模拟  

Optimization and analogue simulation of evacuation strategy for multi-channel coupling of stairs and elevators in medical buildings

作　　者：黄艳华 刘艳[2] HUANG Yanhua;LIU Yan(Audit Office,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China;Planning and Operations Department,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中南医院审计处,湖北武汉430071 [2]武汉大学中南医院规划运行部,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2024年第5期71-79,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：武汉大学中南医院2022年度科技创新培育基金药护技和管理专项基金项目(CXPY2022062);武汉大学中南医院2023年度药护技和管理专项基金项目(CXPY2023101)。

摘　　要：医疗建筑作为人流密集的特殊公共场所,一旦发生火灾等紧急情况,极易造成重大的人员伤亡事故。为提升医疗建筑紧急情况下的应急疏散能力,以某综合医院住院楼栋为研究对象,构建三维疏散模型,结合实际情况设置人员类别和构成参数、电梯与楼梯参数,基于Pathfinder软件的Steering模式进行仿真模拟,通过观察模拟动画及分析模拟数据,预判人群拥堵位置,并以减少水平拥堵时间为目标,从优化电梯停靠楼层设置和疏导人员通过楼梯疏散2个方面优化疏散方案。结果表明,楼梯与电梯多通道耦合疏散优化方案可有效缓解电梯疏散压力,降低自由疏散时人员拥堵的时间,提高疏散效率。研究结果可为垂直建筑空间人员疏散提供切实可行的决策支持。As a special public place with dense flow of people,medical buildings can easily cause serious casualties in the event of a fire or other emergencies.In order to improve the emergency evacuation capabilities of medical buildings in emergencies,taking an inpatient building of a general hospital as the research object,this paper constructed a three-dimensional evacuation model based on the completion drawings and later changes,calculated personnel categories and composition parameters,elevator and stair parameters based on the actual situation,made simulation based on Steering mode of Pathfinder,and observed the simulation animation data and predicted congestion bottlenecks.With the goal of reducing horizontal congestion time,the paper optimized the evacuation plan from two directions:elevator parking floor setting and crowd evacuation via stairs.The results show that the evacuation optimization plan coupled with multiple channels of stairs and elevators can be effective.It can relieve elevator evacuation pressure,reduce crowd congestion time during free evacuation,and improve evacuation efficiency,which can provide practical decision support for personnel evacuation in vertical building spaces.

关 键 词：医疗建筑 多通道耦合 疏散策略 PATHFINDER 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]