城市水体斑块对热岛效应的缓解能力——以沈阳市为例  

Mitigation ability of urban water patches to heat island effect--Taking Shenyang City as an example

作　　者：尹利娜 汪小义 林茂森[3] 夏晓芸 邵新卓 杨晓蕾 YIN Lina;WANG Xiaoyi;LIN Maosen;XIA Xiaoyun;SHAO Xinzhuo;YANG Xiaolei(Institute of Natural Resources Monitoring and Comprehensive Land Improvement of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450016,China;Henan Scientific Research Station of Land Regulation and Ecological Restoration in Central Plains,Zhengzhou 450016,China;College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866,China;Taipingwan Power Plant of Lyuyuan Hydropower Company,Northeast Branch of State Grid,Dandong 118000,China;Dandong Flood Control and Drought Relief Support Center,Dandong 118000,China;City Institute,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116600,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省自然资源监测和国土整治院,河南郑州450016 [2]中原地区国土整治与生态修复河南科研工作站,河南郑州450016 [3]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [4]国网东北分部绿源水力发电公司太平湾发电厂,辽宁丹东118000 [5]丹东市防汛抗旱保障中心,辽宁丹东118000 [6]大连理工大学城市学院,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2024年第5期228-238,共11页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41807172)。

摘　　要：水体对环境具有调节作用,在城市生态系统中,水体通过冷却周围地表从而有效缓解热岛效应。采用Landsat影像分析了2000—2020年沈阳市辖区的城市热岛效应的演变情况,利用常规的水体斑块构建缓冲区并进行分析,通过冷却范围、冷却幅度和冷却梯度3个指标量化水体斑块对城市热岛效应的缓解能力,利用水体斑块的面积、形状指数和周围建成区占比定量分析了影响水体斑块缓解能力的因素。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年沈阳市城市热岛分布由中心城区向郊区扩展,热岛面积增加约40%;(2)水体斑块能有效降低周边建成区地表温度的平均距离为0.27 km,相邻建成区平均降温2.26℃,每距离水体边界1 km的建成区平均地表温度的降幅为8.28℃;(3)水体斑块的面积增加对冷却范围和冷却幅度有着极强的增强作用,水体斑块形状指数的增加也会增强冷却作用,而水体周边建成区占比的增加则会抑制水体斑块的冷却范围与冷却幅度,水体斑块的冷却梯度仅与周边建成区占比之间呈极显著的负相关,而与水体斑块的面积、形状指数无明显关联。Water bodies regulate the environment.In urban ecosystems,they effectively alleviate the heat island effect by cooling the surrounding surfaces.This study used Landsat imagery to analyze the evolution of the urban heat island effect in Shenyang City from 2000 to 2020.We constructed buffer zones around water body patches for analysis.Three indicators—cooling range,cooling magnitude and cooling gradient—were used to quantify the mitigation ability of water body patches on the urban heat island effect.We quantitatively analyzed the factors influencing the mitigation capacity of water body patches,including area,shape index,and the proportion of the surrounding built-up area.The study results are as follows:(1)The urban heat island distribution in Shenyang City expanded from the central urban area to the suburbs from 2000 to 2020,with the heat island area increasing by approximately 40%;(2)The average cooling distance of water body patches on the surrounding built-up areas is 0.27 km,with an average temperature reduction of 2.26℃in adjacent built-up areas,and an average ground temperature drop of 8.28℃per 1 km distance from the water body patch boundary;(3)Increasing the water body area significantly enhances the cooling range and cooling magnitude,and the increase in the shape index also enhances the cooling effect,while the increase in the proportion of built-up areas around water bodies inhibites the cooling range and cooling magnitude.The cooling gradient of water body patches is significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of the built-up area around them and is not significantly related to the area and shape index.

关 键 词：水体斑块 热岛效应 缓解能力 冷却作用 城市地表温度 环境遥感 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]