婴儿细菌性肺炎的病原学分布特征及耐药性分析  

Analysis of pathogen distribution and drug resistance of bacterial pneumonia in infants

作　　者：于宝磊 刘艳[1] 荆心研 YU Baolei;LIU Yan;JING Xinyan(Department of Laboratory,Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shandong Province,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淄博市妇幼保健院检验科,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《妇儿健康导刊》2024年第18期71-74,共4页JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH GUIDE

摘　　要：目的分析婴儿细菌性肺炎的病原学分布特征及耐药性。方法选取2023年1月至12月淄博市妇幼保健院收治的102例细菌性肺炎婴儿为研究对象,采集抽吸痰进行细菌培养,并进行药敏试验分析,整理婴儿的病原学分布特征及耐药情况。结果纳入的婴儿中,革兰氏阴性菌感染60例(58.82%),检出肺炎克雷伯菌25株、大肠埃希菌15株;革兰氏阳性菌感染42例(41.18%),检出肺炎链球菌13株、金黄色葡萄球菌18株。肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林耐药率较高,对美罗培南耐药率较低;大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林耐药率较高,对美罗培南、头孢他啶、头孢西丁耐药率较低;铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁耐药率较高,对美罗培南、头孢曲松、头孢他啶耐药率较低;肺炎链球菌对克林霉素耐药率较高,对万古霉素、苯唑西林耐药率较低;金黄色葡萄球菌对克林霉素耐药率较高,对万古霉素耐药率较低。结论婴儿细菌性肺炎病原学呈现多样化,以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌多见,且对多种抗菌药物耐药率较高。临床需加强用药管理,依据细菌培养和药敏试验结果指导治疗。Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of bacterial pneumonia in infants.Methods A total of 102 infants with bacterial pneumonia admitted to Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the study objects.Sputum aspiration was collected for bacterial culture,and drug susceptibility test was conducted to analyze the pathogenic distribution characteristics and drug resistance of the infants.Results Among the included infants,60 cases(58.82%)were infected with Gram-negative bacteria,25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 15 strains of Escherichia coli were detected.Forty-two cases(41.18%)were infected with Gram-positive bacteria,13 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 18 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were detected.The resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Ampicillin and Cefazolin was higher,and the resistance rate to Meropenem was lower.The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to Ampicillin was higher,but the resistance rate to Meropenem,Ceftazidime,and Cefoxitin was lower.The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ampicillin,Ampicillin/Sulbactam,Cefazolin,Cefuroxime,and Cefoxitin was higher,and the resistance rate to Meropenem,Ceftriaxone,and Ceftazidime was lower.The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to Clindamycin was higher,and the resistance rate to Vancomycin and Oxacillin was lower.The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to Clindamycin was higher,and the resistance rate to Vancomycin was lower.Conclusion The etiology of infantile bacterial pneumonia is diverse,with Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus being the most common,and the resistance rate to a variety of antibiotics is high.Clinical management of medication should be strengthened,and treatment should be guided by the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test.

关 键 词：细菌性肺炎 病原学 革兰氏阴性菌 革兰氏阳性菌 耐药性 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]