有色冶炼行业典型危险废物污染特性研究  

Research on the pollution characteristics of typical hazardous wastesin the non-ferrous smelting industry

作　　者：王菲 李雪冰[1,2] 黄启飞[1,2] 杨玉飞[1,2] WANG Fei;LI Xuebing;HUANG Qifei;YANG Yufei(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People′s Republic of China,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院生态环境部危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2024年第5期37-44,共8页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究资助项目(2022-YRUC-01-0301)。

摘　　要：《国家危险废物名录》是我国危险废物判定的主要法律依据,也是我国危险废物环境管理的基础。有色冶炼行业的工艺复杂且存在多种副反应,所产生的固体废物种类繁多且污染特性复杂。有色冶炼废物是《国家危险废物名录》中的重要分类之一。实践表明,有色冶炼危险废物的环境管理遇到了固体废物产生节点识别困难、属性不明确以及污染特性不清晰的问题。通过对铜、铅、锌和铝冶炼过程中典型危险废物的来源进行分析,揭示了不同产生节点固体废物的表面形貌、含水率、化学组成、浸出毒性浓度等理化特性与污染特性之间的关系,并阐明了铅滤饼、砷渣等重点类别固体废物的环境风险。研究结果支撑修订《国家危险废物名录》中有关铜、铅、锌和铝冶炼过程的危险废物分类。研究认为,获取以上基础数据对于明确危险废物产生节点、精准描述危险废物来源以及精确定义危险特性至关重要,并提出了提升有色冶炼行业危险废物环境管理水平的建议。The National Catalogue of Hazardous Wasteis the primary legal document for identifying hazardous wastes and also provides the foundation for its environmental management in China.The non-ferrous smelting industry involves a complex process with numerous side reactions,resulting in diverse solid wastes and complex pollution characteristics.Non-ferrous smelting waste constitutes a significant category within the National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste.However,the practical environmental management of hazardous waste in non-ferrous smelting reveals challenges in identifying solid waste generation points,unclear attributes of solid waste,and uncertain pollution characteristics.To address these issues,this study analyzes the sources of typical hazardous wastes from copper,lead,zinc,and aluminum smelting.It examines the physical and chemical properties,as well as pollution characteristics,of solid wastes at the various production stages,including surface morphology,moisture content,chemical composition,leaching toxicity concentration,etc.Moreover,this research clarifies the environmental risks associated with key types of solid wastes,such as lead filter cake and arsenic residue.The findings from this study support the revision of hazardous waste classification in the smelting processes of copper,lead,zinc,and aluminum,as outlined in the National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste.Acquiring the aforementioned foundational data is crucial for refining the identification of hazardous waste generation points,accurately describing the waste′s source,defining its hazardous characteristics,and proposing suggestions to enhance environmental management practices within the non-ferrous smelting industry.

关 键 词：危险废物 有色冶炼 污染特性 重金属 毒性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]