瘤胃微生物厌氧消化降解木质纤维素废弃物技术研究进展  

Research progress on anaerobic digestion and degradation of lignocellulosicwaste by rumen microorganisms

作　　者：穆兰 徐凤莲 程占军[4] 王依凡 石岩 陶俊宇 陈冠益 MU Lan;XU Fenglian;CHENG Zhanjun;WANG Yifan;SHI Yan;TAO Junyu;CHEN Guanyi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment and Energy,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;School of Biotechnology and Food Science,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;School of Environmental Science and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学机械工程学院,天津300134 [2]天津商业大学环境能源+X创新实验室,天津300134 [3]天津商业大学生物技术与食品科学学院,天津300134 [4]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2024年第5期78-91,共14页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2022YFE0125100);天津市自然科学基金资助项目(22JCQNJC01410)。

摘　　要：木质纤维素类生物质是厌氧消化生产生物能源的重要原料。然而,其复杂的三维结构造成厌氧消化过程中底物转化率低、技术经济性差等问题。反刍动物屠宰场废弃物——瘤胃液能够针对性地强化木质纤维素类生物质的降解与转化,与厌氧消化结合有望提升总体效率。近年来,国内外学者对瘤胃微生物厌氧消化降解木质纤维素类生物质进行了大量研究,同时,基于仿生原理的人工瘤胃发酵系统逐渐兴起。综述了反刍动物瘤胃微生物和木质纤维素组分降解酶的组成、多样性及相关基因,梳理了瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物质降解和甲烷、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)、氢气及其他增值产品制备等方面的研究进展,概述了仿瘤胃厌氧消化产甲烷系统的构建原理及应用效果,对瘤胃微生物在厌氧消化资源化利用方面的研究提出展望及建议,旨在为瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素类生物质降解转化及高值化利用提供思路与方法。Lignocellulosic biomass waste is an important raw material for anaerobic digestion to produce bioenergy.However,its complex three-dimensional structure leads to a low substrate conversion rate and poor technical economic efficiency during anaerobic digestion.Rumen fluid from ruminant slaughterhouse waste can selectively enhance the degradation and transformation of lignocellulosic biomass.When combined with anaerobic digestion,it is expected to improve the overall efficiency.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the anaerobic digestion of rumen microorganisms for degrading lignocellulosic biomass.Furthermore,artificial rumen fermentation systems based on bionic principles have gradually emerged.This paper reviews the composition,diversity and related genes of rumen microorganisms and lignocellulosic component degrading enzymes in ruminants.It also summarizes the research progress of rumen microorganisms in biomass waste degradation and the production of methane,volatile fatty acid(VFAs),hydrogen and other value-added products.Additionally,this review provides an overview of the construction principles and application effects of anaerobic digestion methane production systems in simulated rumen.It further presents prospects and suggestions for the research of rumen microorganisms in the energy and resource utilization of anaerobic digestion.The intention is to provide ideas and methods for the degradation,transformation,and high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass by rumen microorganisms.

关 键 词：瘤胃微生物 木质纤维素 纤维素降解酶 人工瘤胃 厌氧消化 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703