人造矿石固化核废物进展与展望  

Progress and prospect of nuclear waste solidification by synroc

作　　者：王越 陈迪云[1] 孔令军[1,2] WANG Yue;CHEN Diyun;KONG Lingjun(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510006 [2]青海民族大学化学化工学院,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2024年第5期104-114,共11页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22376043);广州市市校(院)企联合资助项目(SL2022A03J00850);青海省“昆仑英才高端创新创业”人才计划(2022)。

摘　　要：发展核电是实现国家“双碳”目标、推动产业结构转型升级的重要途径。核能资源开采、利用和后处理产生核废物,由于其半衰期长,对环境造成潜在危害,因此构建多重屏障以安全有效地处置核废物是避免环境风险的重要措施。固化预处理是核废物处置的首要屏障。人造矿石固化核废物因具有耐辐照、高稳定性、低增容比的特点,被认为是构建核废物固化首要屏障的理想方法。综合论述了人造矿石固化核废物的研究进展,系统阐述了人造矿石固化放射性核素的方法和矿石类型,并结合人造矿石形成的结构和理化特征,阐明人造矿石固化放射性核素的机制,提出了适合不同放射性核素固化的人造矿石类型和方法。同时,分析了固化放射性核素辐照对人造矿石晶相结构特征和稳定性的影响,为人造矿石固化放射性核素的策略提供了重要的科学支撑,为实际应用奠定了重要的理论基础。Development of nuclear power is an important means to implement the national strategic goals of achieving"carbon peak"and"carbon neutral",promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure.Nuclear waste is generated during the exploitation,utilization,and disposal of nuclear energy resources.Due to its long half-life,nuclear waste poses long-term environmental hazards.Constructing multiple barriers is a safe and effective measure for the disposal of nuclear waste,mitigating the environmental risks it poses.Solidification pretreatment serves as the first barrier for nuclear waste disposal.The solidification of nuclear waste by synroc is considered to be an ideal method for creating the first line of defense due to its characteristics of radiation resistance,high stability,and low capacity ratio.This work provides a comprehensive review of the research advances in the solidification of nuclear waste using synroc.It discusses the methods and types of synroc employed for the solidification of nuclear waste.The mechanism of the solidification of nuclear waste using synroc is understood through the analysis of microstructure and physicochemical characteristics.Suitable strategies and types of synroc for the solidification of nuclear waste are proposed.Additionally,the effects of radionuclide irradiation on the crystal structure and stability of synroc are analyzed.These results provide an important reference for the application of synroc solidification of nuclear waste.

关 键 词：核废物处理 人造矿石固化 放射性核素 多重屏障 环境风险 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X591