论农村集体收益分配的法律逻辑  

On the Legal Logic of the Distribution of Rural Collective Income

作　　者：宋天骐 SONG Tianqi

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,长春130012

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期135-146,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“农村集体经济组织收益分配的私法制度构造研究”(23YJC820027);国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(22&ZD202)。

摘　　要：《农村集体经济组织法》形成了农村集体收益分配规则的基本框架,但第四十条第三款“集体经营性财产收益权量化”的立法授权,提出了新的解释难题:其一,什么是农村集体收益分配的财产基础,即“分什么”的问题;其二,如何实现农村集体收益分配的公平、合理,即“如何分”的问题。进而,应当解释农村集体收益的分配范围,即“分多少”的问题,并从理论上进一步校正农村集体收益分配的法律逻辑,即“按什么分”的问题。农村集体收益分配的财产基础是集体经营性财产的收益,而非集体财产的所有权或其他集体财产的收益。可分配的农村集体收益应当依据集体资产股份进行分配,而集体资产股份的多样化实践形态需要经由兼容性逻辑予以归正,从而形成以集体资产股份的公平配置为基础、以其他股份的效率性利益实现为延展的农村集体收益分配机制。The Rural Collective Economic Organization Law has established a foundational framework for the distribution of rural collective income.However,the legislative provision in Article 40,Paragraph 3,which addresses the“quantification of the right to income from collective business property,”presents new interpretive challenges.These include:first,identifying the property basis for the distribution of rural collective income,or in other words,determining“what is to be distributed”;and second,establishing a mechanism for the fair and reasonable distribution of rural collective income,which addresses“how it should be distributed.”Furthermore,it is essential to clarify the scope of distribution for rural collective income,or the question of“how much should be distributed.”This involves theoretically refining the logic of private law that underpins the distribution of rural collective income,effectively asking“on what basis should it be distributed?”The property basis for distributing rural collective proceeds is derived from the income of collective operating property,not from the ownership of collective property or other forms of collective property income.For the distribution of rural collective income,it should be allocated based on collective asset shares.The varied practical forms of collective asset shares require alignment through a logic of compatibility,thereby creating a rural collective income distribution mechanism that is grounded in the fair allocation of collective asset shares and supplemented by the realization of efficiency benefits associated with other types of shares.

关 键 词：农村集体收益 收益分配权 集体资产股份 农村集体经济组织法 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学]