天然气水合物开采方法研究现状及展望  

Current status and prospects on natural gas hydrate exploitation methods

作　　者：刘姝 李文杰 李莉佳 罗永江 陶瑞[4] 李晓璇 杨亚会 LIU Shu;LI Wenjie;LI Lijia;LUO Yongjiang;TAO Rui;LI Xiaoxuan;YANG Yahui(Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing 400044,China;School of Resources and Safety,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Mineral Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Autonomous Region Institute of Mineral Geology),Yinchuan Ningxia 750021,China;CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited,Beijing 102206,China;CCTEG Chongqing Research Institute Company Limited,Chongqing 400037,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆科技大学,重庆401331 [2]煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [3]重庆大学资源与安全学院,重庆400044 [4]宁夏回族自治区矿产地质调查院(自治区矿产地质研究所),宁夏银川750021 [5]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京102206 [6]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400037

出　　处：《钻探工程》2024年第5期12-23,共12页Drilling Engineering

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上项目“地电焖井法强化天然气水合物开采机制研究”(编号:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0457);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目“天然气水合物储层特性与开采参数耦合作用对CO_(2)置换速率影响机制”(编号:KJQN202301548)。

摘　　要：天然气水合物是一种储量巨大的固态清洁能源,因此被认为是传统化石燃料的接替能源而备受关注。由于其赋存于低温、高压的海洋及冻土环境中,采用经济、高效的方法将天然气从天然气水合物储层中开采出来是实现天然气水合物商业开采的关键。根据实验室研究、数值模拟和现场试验等方面的研究现状,本文分析了降压法、注热法、注化学抑制剂法、CO_(2)置换法、联合法等方法的开采效果,并对各种方法的优点和局限性进行了论述。已有的开采方法主要受到储层渗透率低、导热性能差等限制,未能实现长期连续产气。针对以上问题,提出储层原位电阻加热法提高热利用率;并认为水力压裂增透技术是提高储层渗透率以辅助降压法等开采方法实现高效产气的一种有效措施;关于水合物开采可能导致储层失稳等问题,认为利用CO_(2)置换法可以加固储层,并且通过超临界CO_(2)喷射技术能够提高CO_(2)置换率。Natural gas hydrate is a type of solid clean energy with huge reserve,which is therefore considered as a substitute for traditional fossil fuels and have attracted much attention around the world.Due to its occurrence in low‑temperature and high‑pressure marine and permafrost environments,the key to achieving commercial exploitation is to find out economical and efficient exploitation methods.Based on the current research status of laboratory research,numerical simulation,and on‑site experiments,the exploitation effects of methods such as depressurization,heat injection,chemical inhibitor injection,CO_(2) displacement and combination method were analyzed,and the advantages and limitations of each method were discussed.The existing exploitation methods are mainly limited by low reservoir permeability and poor thermal conductivity,and have not been able to achieve long‑term continuous gas production.To address the above issues,the in‑situ resistance heating method for reservoirs is proposed to improve thermal utilization efficiency,and it is believed that hydraulic fracturing and permeability enhancement technology is an effective measure to increase reservoir permeability and assist in efficient gas production through production methods such as depressurization;Regarding the potential instability of reservoirs caused by hydrate exploitation,it is believed that the use of CO_(2) replacement method can strengthen the reservoir,and the use of supercritical CO_(2) injection technology can improve the CO_(2) replacement rate.

关 键 词：天然气水合物 开采方法 降压法 储层原位加热法 联合法 储层增渗 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]