衡阳植烟土壤理化性状和种植年限对烟叶化学成分的影响  

Soil Physicochemical Properties and Planting Years Affect Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaves in Hengyang

作　　者：向鹏华 肖志鹏 郭维 王娟[2] 王凤仁 胡旺 沈健林[2] 龙世平 XIANG Peng-hua;XIAO Zhi-peng;GUO Wei;WANG Juan;WANG Feng-ren;HU Wang;SHEN Jian-lin;LONG Shi-ping(Hengyang Tobacco Company,Hunan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Hengyang 421001,PRC;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,PRC;Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421001 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第9期41-48,共8页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD1700801);湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目(HYYC2022KJ04)。

摘　　要：为全面分析衡阳市烟田土壤理化特征和烟叶质量,采集衡阳市5个植烟县(市)的代表性紫色水稻土烟田土壤样品和烟叶样品,研究不同区域土壤理化性质和种植年限对烟叶化学成分的影响,并评价烟叶质量。结果表明:衡阳紫色烟田土壤的有机质含量总体处于适中和丰富水平(96.3%),速效养分含量总体处于适中及以上水平(88.9%~94.4%),pH值有68.5%的点位处于适中水平。衡南县、衡阳县、耒阳市和常宁市烟叶总氮含量较低(<1.5%);衡阳县和常宁市烟叶烟碱含量(<1.5%)和糖碱比(<8%)较低;衡南县烟叶还原糖含量偏低(<18%),其他县域烟叶水溶性总糖偏高(>22%)。相关性分析表明,不同烟区土壤磷、钾含量和微生物生物量是影响烟叶品质的重要因素。>2 mm团聚体百分含量在植烟10 a后显著下降,<2 mm团聚体百分含量显著增加。植烟年限超过10 a的土壤全氮、有机以质、微生物生物量的下降和物理结构的破坏会对烟叶品质产生负面的影响。因此,在土壤养分总量高的烟区可适当减少化肥施用,有机质含量低和土壤团聚体的破坏严重的烟区适当增施有机肥,有助于提升衡阳烟区土壤质量和烟叶品质。To comprehensively analyze the soil physicochemical properties and tobacco quality in Hengyang City,we collected soil samples and tobacco samples from the representative tobacco fields with purple paddy soil in five tobacco-planting counties(cities)of Hengyang.The effects of soil physicochemical properties and planting years on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves in different areas were studied,and the quality of tobacco leaves was evaluated.The results showed that the purple paddy soil in the tobacco field in Hengyang generally had moderate or rich organic matter(96.3%),moderate or high available nutrients(88.9%-94.4%),and neutral pH in 68.5%of the sampling sites.The tobacco leaves in Hengnan County,Hengyang County,Leiyang City,and Changning City had low total nitrogen(<1.5%),and those in Hengyang County and Changning City had low nicotine content(<1.5%)and sugar-alkali ratio(<8%).The tobacco leaves in Hengnan County had low reducing sugar(<18%),and those in other counties and cities had high total water-soluble sugar(>22%).The correlation analysis showed that the phosphorus and potassium content in soil and microbial biomass were the main factors affecting the quality of tobacco leaves.The soil after 10 years of tobacco planting showcased decreased percentage of agglomerates with the particle size>2 mm and increased percentage of agglomerates with the particle size<2 mm.The decreases in soil total nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass and the destruction of physical structure of the soil after over 10 years of tobacco planting negatively affected tobacco quality.Therefore,it is suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer should be reduced in the tobacco soil with high total nutrients,and organic fertilizer can be applied in the tobacco soil with low organic matter and serious destruction of soil agglomerates,which is of great significance for improving the soil quality and tobacco quality in Hengyang.

关 键 词：衡阳 烟叶 土壤理化性质 化学成分 种植年限 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]