湖南甘薯连作障碍缓解肥的筛选及其应用效果  

Screening and Application Effect of Fertilizers for Mitigating Successive Cropping Obstacle of Sweet Potatoes in Hunan Province

作　　者：康世东 黄艳岚[1,3] 张亚 董芳 刘红梅 张超凡[1,3] 张道微[1,3] KANG Shi-dong;HUANG Yan-lan;ZHANG Ya;DONG Fang;LIU Hong-mei;ZHANG Chao-fan;ZHANG Dao-wei(Crop Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,PRC;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院作物研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第9期68-72,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目(2023NK2028-02);国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-SYZ22);湖南省甘薯工程技术研究中心(2018TP2032)。

摘　　要：为缓解湖南省甘薯主产区存在的连作障碍问题,研究以湖南省典型的酸壤型连作障碍地为试验区,以湘薯203和徐紫薯8号为试验品种,分别施用等效价的甘薯专用复合肥、丘陵旱薄地控钾型腐殖酸控释肥、平原地控钾型腐殖酸控释肥、腐殖酸复合肥、生物有机无机复混肥、生物菌肥A、生物菌剂B进行处理,比较分析了甘薯连作区施用不同类型肥料处理后甘薯产量和土壤养分的差异。结果表明:(1)湘薯203试验中,施用不同类型的肥料均能在一定程度上提升甘薯产量,其中生物有机无机复混肥处理区的实际鲜薯产量可达40.15 t/hm^(2),比专用复合肥处理的对照组增产37.69%,生物总量增加22.63%,增产效果最显著;腐殖酸复合肥处理与生物有机无机复混肥处理的增产效果接近,鲜薯产量较对照提升35.70%,生物总量增加18.68%。(2)徐紫薯8号试验中,生物有机无机复混肥处理区鲜薯实际产量可达46.95 t/hm^(2),比专用复合肥处理的对照组增产11.68%,生物总量增加7.38%;腐殖酸复合肥处理区实际鲜薯产量较对照CK1下降5.04%,生物总量增加19.15%。(3)不同施肥处理改变了土壤地力情况,生物有机无机复混肥或腐殖酸施用区甘薯对连作障碍地养分平衡利用的效果最佳;专用复合肥处理区虽然土壤养分明显增加,但是甘薯对养分的利用率并不理想。综上所述,施用以生物有机无机复混肥、腐殖酸复合肥这类含有机质的肥料处理对湖南甘薯连作障碍地鲜薯产量的提升最有效。To alleviate the successive cropping obstacle in the main producing areas of sweet potatoes in Hunan Province,this study took a typical successive cropping obstacle land with acid soil in Hunan Province as an experimental area and selected Xiangshu 203 and Xuzishu 8 as experimental varieties.Fertilizers with the equivalent valency were applied,including special compound fertilizer for sweet potatoes,potassium-controlled and controlled-release humic acid fertilizer for hilly dry land,potassium-controlled and controlled-release humic acid fertilizers for plain land,humic acid compound fertilizer,bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer,bio-bacterial fertilizer A,and bio-bacterial agent B.The difference in sweet potato yield and soil nutrients in the successive cropping area of sweet potatoes treated with different types of fertilizers was compared.The results are as follows.(1)All types of fertilizers can increase the yield of Xiangshu 203 to some degrees,and the fresh sweet potato yield in the area treated with bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer reaches 40.15 t/hm^(2),which is 37.69%higher than that of the control group treated with special compound fertilizer.Meanwhile,the total biomass increases by 22.63%,with the most significant yield-increasing effect.The yield-increasing effects of areas treated with humic acid compound fertilizers and bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer are similar,and the fresh sweet potato yield is increased by 35.70%,with the total biomass increased by 18.68%.(2)In the experiment of Xuzishu 8,the actual yield of fresh sweet potatoes in the area treated with bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer can reach 46.95 t/hm^(2),which is 11.68%higher than that of the control group treated with special compound fertilizer,and the total biomass is increased by 7.38%.The fresh sweet potato yield in the area treated with humic acid compound fertilizer decreases by 5.04%compared with CK1,while its total biomass increases by 19.15%.(3)The application of different fertil

关 键 词：甘薯 肥效试验 连作障碍 鲜薯产量 土壤养分利用 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]