不同大豆品种浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的除草活性  

Extracts of Different Soybean Cultivars Inhibit Barnyard Grass and Alfalfa

作　　者：李皓 黄山 柏振东 韩进财 严盛 柏浩东 李祖任 金晨钟[1] LI Hao;HUANG Shan;BAI Zhen-dong;HAN Jin-cai;YAN Sheng;BAI Hao-dong;LI Zu-ren;JIN Chen-zhong(Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology,Loudi 417000,PRC;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Safety Control,Changsha 410000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南人文科技学院,湖南娄底417000 [2]杂草生物学及安全防控湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第9期78-81,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省旱粮产业技术体系(2022-31)。

摘　　要：为探索大豆在种植过程中潜在的化感作用,研究了6个不同大豆品种浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的除草活性。采用培养皿滤纸法、土壤封闭法和茎叶喷雾法测定了其对稗草和苜蓿的化感作用,并挑选出除草活性最高的大豆品种浸提液进行除草活性物质分析。结果表明:种子萌发试验中,在0.01 g/mL浓度下,2701品种大豆乙醇浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的根长抑制率分别是65.3%和62.0%、对二者的芽长抑制率分别是80.2%和17.5%,湘24品种大豆乙醇浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的根长抑制率为79.8%和70.9%、对二者的芽长抑制率分别是46.0%和35.6%;土壤封闭试验中,在0.01 g/mL浓度下,湘24品种大豆乙醇浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的抑制率为48.4%和35.2%;茎叶喷雾试验中,在0.01 g/mL浓度下,湘24品种大豆乙醇浸提液对稗草和苜蓿的抑制率为67.0%和93.6%,2701品种大豆乙醇浸提液的抑制率为76.4%和93%;除草活性物质追踪结果表明黄酮类次生代谢物质在浸提液中含量相对较高。由此可见,湘24、2701品种大豆乙醇粗提液具有一定的除草活性。To explore the potential allelopathy of soybean,we examined the inhibitory effects of the extracts of six soybean cultivars on barnyard grass and alfalfa.The allelopathic effects of soybean extracts on barnyard grass and alfalfa were determined by the seed germination test,pre-emergence application,and post-emergence spraying.Furthermore,we analyzed the active components in the soybean cultivar extract with the highest herbicidal activity.The results of the seed germination test showed that 0.01 g/mL ethanol extract of the soybean cultivar'2701'reduced the root length by 65.3%and 62.0%and the bud length by 80.2%and 17.5%for barnyard grass and alfalfa,respectively.The ethanol extract of the soybean cultivar'Xiang 24'decreased the root length by 79.8%and 70.9%and the bud length by 46.0%and 35.6%for barnyard grass and alfalfa,respectively.The results of pre-emergence application showed that 0.01 g/mL ethanol extract of'Xiang 24'demonstrated the inhibition rates of 48.4%and 35.2%on barnyard grass and alfalfa,respectively.The results of post-emergence spraying showed that 0.01 g/mL ethanol extract of'Xiang 24'had the inhibition rates of 67.0%and 93.6%and that of'2701'presented the inhibition rates of 76.4%and 93%on barnyard grass and alfalfa,respectively.Flavonoids were the main active components for the herbicidal activity of soybean extract.The results indicated that the crude ethanol extracts of'Xiang 24'and'2701'had herbicidal activity.

关 键 词：稗草 化感作用 除草活性 LC/MS 大豆 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]