猪精液冻融技术及其影响因素研究进展  

Research progress on porcine semen cryopreservation technology and its influencing factors

作　　者：范振港 刘鑫 苗义良 张霞 FAN Zhengang;LIU Xin;MIAO Yiliang;ZHANG Xia(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China;Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院、动物医学院/农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]动物育种与健康养殖教育部前沿科学中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第5期157-166,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31941006)。

摘　　要：养猪业是我国畜牧产业的重要组成部分。国内生猪养殖主要采用自繁自养模式,配种所使用的精液多采用鲜精或常温稀释保存精液,而精液冻融技术可实现猪精液的长期保存,但与牛、小鼠等物种相比较,猪精液冻融技术还有待于进一步优化改善。为进一步改进猪精液冷冻技术并实现在生产上大规模应用,本文主要综述了猪精液冻融技术发展概况、主要技术流程,影响猪精液冻融后精子活力的关键因素,包括精液的采集、冷冻前降温平衡、冷冻保护剂添加和冷冻方法等,以及精子冻融过程中的理化性质变化,包括物理结构损伤、功能性损伤、精子抗冻机制等,最后总结、展望了能够提高猪精液冻融效果的新方法。Pig industry is an important component of animal husbandry industry in China.The domes⁃tic pig production mainly adopts self-breeding mode.The semen used in pig reproduction is usually fresh se⁃men or diluted at room temperature,while semen cryopreservation technology can realize the long-term preservation of pig semen.Compared with cattle,mice and other species,the cryopreservation technology of pig semen needs to be further optimized and improved.In order to provide a theoretical reference for per⁃fecting the freezing technique of pig semen and accelerating its large-scale application in pig production,this review summarized the development and main technological process of freezing and thawing of porcine se⁃men,and the key factors affecting sperm motility after freezing and thawing,including semen collection,pre-cooling balance before freezing,addition of cryoprotectant agents,and cryopreservation methods.It also covered the physicochemical changes during the sperm cryopreservation process,such as physical structural damage,functional damage,and sperm anti-freezing mechanisms.Finally,the new methods to improve the cryopreservation efficiency of pig sperm were summarized and prospected,including nanotechnology treat⁃ment of semen and the study of cryopreservation biomarkers for sperm.

关 键 词：猪 精液冻融 冷冻保护剂 冻精解冻剂 精液理化性质 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]