彝缅语祈使语气助词的类型学特征  

Typological Characteristics of Imperative Particles in Yi-Burman Languages

作　　者：吕羿蒙 高卿云 LYU Yi-meng;GAO Qing-yun(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;School of Chinese Language&Literature,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081 [2]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京102488

出　　处：《红河学院学报》2024年第5期1-6,共6页Journal of Honghe University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目:语言文字治理的理论体系与路径研究(22YJC740015);教育部教育类教指委中文专委会北京语言文字工作协会2024年度教育教学改革项目(2024JGYB098)。

摘　　要：文章通过对15种彝缅语的考察与比较,发现几乎所有的彝缅语都存在祈使语气助词,但不同语言既有共性也有差异。从表义功能看,彝缅语祈使语气助词可分为单功能和多功能两种类型。多功能性的祈使语气助词在缅语支语言中更常见,但表人称、数、方向等功能已出现衰退趋势。从词源关系看,彝缅语的祈使语气助词少数有同源关系,但多数是分化后在不同语言中各自产生的。将彝缅语与其他藏缅语族语言比较,能够发现:彝缅语祈使语气助词的单功能性更为凸显;彝缅语各语言的祈使语气助词处于不同的发展阶段;同其他藏缅语一样,彝缅语祈使语气助词经历了从无到有、从繁到简的过程,是彝缅语由形态型向分析型转变的反映。In terms of meaning function,the imperative particles in Yi-Burman languages can be divided into two types:single function and multi-function.Multifunctional imperative particles are more common in languages of the Burmese branch,but some functions such as person,number and direction are declining.In terms of etymology,some of the imperative particles in Yi-Burman languages have homologous relationship.Comparing Yi-Burman languages with other Tibeto-Burman languages,it is found that the single function of the imperative modal particle in the former is more prominent.Like other Tibeto-Burman languages,the imperative particles of Yi-Burman languages has experienced a process which start from scratch,develop from complexity to simplicity.

关 键 词：祈使语气助词 彝缅语 藏缅语 

分 类 号：H42[语言文字]