先驱体转化法制备氮化硼陶瓷纤维研究进展  

Advances in Preparation of Boron Nitride Ceramic Fiber via Polymer-Derived Ceramics

作　　者：杜贻昂 张韵铂 宋曲之 王福稳 谭士湘 王兵 王应德[1] DU Yiang;ZHANG Yunbo;SONG Quzhi;WANG Fuwen;TAN Shixiang;WANG Bing;WANG Yingde(Science and Technology on Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第9期2875-2888,共14页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金优青项目(2021JJ20048)。

摘　　要：氮化硼纤维具有低密度、高强度、耐高温、强绝缘和高透波等特性,是空天飞行器所需高性能透波复合材料的增强纤维。先驱体转化法是氮化硼纤维最具潜力的制备方法之一。目前,高性能氮化硼纤维的制备是该领域的主要挑战,其组成结构调控与构效关系引起了广泛关注。当前研究的重点集中在氮化硼纤维工艺优化上,包括先驱体分子组成结构优化、热处理工艺和纤维微结构调控。本文结合国内外研究现状,在介绍先驱体转化法的基础上,从分子结构及其构效关系的角度切入,分别从氮化硼先驱体的合成和调控方法以及纤维热处理与纤维微结构调控等方面综述了最新的研究进展,并展望了氮化硼纤维的未来发展方向。Boron nitride fibers have attracted significant research interest due to their low density,high strength,high temperature resistance,strong insulation and wave transparent properties,making them promising high-performance wave transparent composites required for aerospace applications.The polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs)method is one of the most potential approaches for preparing boron nitride fibers.Currently,developing high performance boron nitride fibers remains a major challenge in the field.Controlling the structure of polyborazane precursor and structure-property relationships between polymer and ceramic have been gained widespread attention.Numerous studies were focused on optimizing the boron nitride fiber fabrication process,including precursor molecular structure design,thermal treatment process,and fiber microstructure regulation.However,reviews from the perspective of precursor molecular structures for boron nitride fiber preparation via PDCs were still rarely,and the relationship between precursor molecular structure and boron nitride fiber performance requires further in-depth analysis.The molecular structure of precursors plays a critical role in determining its physicochemical properties.in this paper,authors firstly analyzed the different molecular structures of boron nitride precursors to elucidate the structure-property relationships between polymer and ceramic.Based on the flexibility and molecular weight of the chains,boron nitride precursors can be divided into rigid chain structures,flexible chain structures,and small molecule boron nitride precursors.The synthesis methods,properties,and applications of precursors with corresponding chain structures were summarized.Directly synthesizing a precursor that simultaneously satisfies all performance requirements of thermal stability,solubility,meltability,high ceramic yield,and spinnability was highly challenging.To overcome this challenge,this paper summarized common approaches for modulating the elemental composition and molecular structure of p

关 键 词：氮化硼 陶瓷纤维 先驱体转化法 分子结构调控 热处理 

分 类 号：O634[理学—高分子化学] TB34[理学—化学]