煤矸石基高强度泡沫陶瓷的制备与性能  

Preparation and Properties of Coal Gangue-Based High Strength Ceramic Foams

作　　者：孟凡会[1] 戴露霏 姚隆帆 汪洋洋 李忠[1] MENG Fanhui;DAI Lufei;YAO Longfan;WANG Yangyang;LI Zhong(State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Tai yuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学,省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室,太原030024

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第9期2959-2968,共10页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(202102090301026)。

摘　　要：以煤矸石为主要原料,硅藻土粉、滑石粉及发泡剂SiC为辅料制备出高强度泡沫陶瓷,研究了煤矸石掺入量(质量分数)、SiC添加量(质量分数)和混合原料粒度对制备的泡沫陶瓷性能的影响。当煤矸石掺入量增加时,混合原料的硅铝质量比逐渐减小,样品抗压强度先增大后减小,煤矸石掺入量为70%(质量分数)时,制备出的样品具有均匀的孔结构;增加SiC加入量使得烧结过程中发泡产生的气体增多,样品抗压强度及表观密度随气孔率的增大而减小,SiC加入量为0.6%时,制备的泡沫陶瓷的性能最佳;样品平均孔径和开孔率随着混合原料的粒度的减小而降低,此时较小的孔径和均匀孔结构提高了泡沫陶瓷抗压强度,混合原料体积平均粒径为5.4μm时,总气孔率为80.6%,此时抗压强度达到6.1 MPa。本工作中煤矸石利用率高,制备的高气孔率高强度泡沫陶瓷为煤基固废的综合利用提供了借鉴与指导。Introduction Ceramic foams is a kind of inorganic non-metallic material with a three-dimensional porous network structure after calcination at high temperatures.The mechanical properties are one of the important factor to evaluate the application of ceramic foams,which affected by the porosity,pore size,pore distribution and skeleton structure,etc.High porosity would reduce the bearing capacity of ceramic foams and limit its application fields.Therefore,this research is mainly focused on how to balance porosity and strength of ceramic foams,as compressive strength could be improved effectively by reducing the pore size,narrowing the pore size distribution or forming a closed pore structure.When coal gangue is used as raw materials to prepare ceramic foams,it still exists some problems,such as the low utilization,high energy consumption and unclear foaming principle.The key to producing a ceramic foam is to form a melt matrix with appropriate viScosity and to generate a certain amount of foaming gas in the matrix.Due to the complex composition of coal gangue,it is difficult to control the viScosity of the melt matrix at high temperatures,resulting in the pore structure distribution uneven and reducing the mechanical properties of ceramic foams.In this work,coal gangue was used as the main raw materials,and diatomite powder,talc powder,a small amount of silicon carbide(SiC)foaming agent were added to prepare the ceramic foams with high compressive strength.The effects of raw materials composition,SiC content(mass fraction)and particle size of feed mixture on the pore structure,apparent density and compressive strength and other properties of ceramic foams were investigated.Methods The coal gangue was crushed and sieved to less than 74μm.Based on the SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO ternary system,the coal gangue,diatomite powder and talc powder were mixed at different mass ratios,and then SiC powders were added as the foaming agent,the mixture and agate balls in a mass ratio of 1:1 were milled with a speed of 300 r/min.Aft

关 键 词：泡沫陶瓷 煤矸石 抗压强度 孔结构 碳化硅发泡剂 颗粒粒径 

分 类 号：TQ174.7[化学工程—陶瓷工业]