城市水系统综合治理关键技术及其在长江经济带的示范应用  

Key technologies of integrated urban water system management and their applications in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

作　　者：夏军[1] 张世彦 张永勇[2] 佘敦先[1] 杨军[3] 吴胜军[4] XIA Jun;ZHANG Shiyan;ZHANG Yongyong;SHE Dunxian;YANG Jun;WU Shengjun(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology,Institute of Urban Environment,CAS,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,CAS,Chongqing 400714,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院城市环境研究所福建省流域生态重点实验室,厦门361021 [4]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆400714

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第9期2163-2175,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23040301);国家自然科学基金项目(42071041)。

摘　　要：内涝、水污染与水体黑臭、河湖生态系统退化是城市面临的主要水问题,已成为限制长江经济带绿色发展的关键瓶颈问题之一。深入认识城市发展过程中水系统的演变规律以及各要素之间的相互影响,阐明城市水问题的形成机制,构建城市水系统综合治理技术体系,是解决城市复杂水问题的根本途径。本文针对上述水问题,从水循环系统多过程耦合的角度出发,总结了城市水系统的概念和特征,提出了城市水问题系统治理关键技术体系,并以2016—2022年长江经济带城市(群)治理案例为例开展应用。研究表明:泵站抽排和海绵措施可有效减少武汉市发生极端降水时的严重内涝面积和消除成渝城市群内涝点;微生物—植物—水动力一体化协同调控组合工艺可以显著强化武汉市典型黑臭水体的氮磷去除效果;源头控制—路径耗散—末端治理的城市河湖生态综合修复体系使重庆市两河流域水体富营养化水平明显下降;实施上述治理技术体系后,长江中游城市群绿色发展指数平均提升4.8%。本文可为长江经济带绿色发展重大战略提供城市水系统理论和技术支持。Waterlogging,water pollution,black and odorous water,and riverine and lacustrine ecological degradation are the main water problems faced by China's cities,which have become one of the key obstacles to the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Indepth understanding of the evolution of the water system in the process of urban development and the mutual influences between the elements,clarifying the formation mechanism of the urban water problems,and constructing an integrated treatment technology system of the urban water system are the fundamental ways to solve the complex urban water problems.Aiming at the abovementioned urban water problems,this paper summarizes the concepts and characteristics of the urban water system from a systematic perspective of the multiple processes coupled with each other in the water cycle and proposes a key technology system for a systematic solution to the urban water problems,which are demonstrated with the treatment examples of the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2016-2022.The demonstrative applications show that the pumping stations and sponge measures can effectively reduce the severely inundated area of Wuhan city in extreme rainfall events and eliminate the waterlogging points in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;the proposed microbialbotanical-hydrodynamic integrated synergistic regulation and control technology can significantly enhance the removal efficiency of the nitrogen and phosphorus level in typical black and odorous water bodies of Wuhan city;the proposed source control-path dissipationterminal regulation comprehensive ecological treatment system for urban rivers and lakes decreased the water eutrophication level significantly in the Lianghe River basin of Chongqing city;with the implementation of the abovementioned treatment technology system,the green development index of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River increased by an average of 4.8%.This study provides theoretical and technical s

关 键 词：城市水系统 水环境 绿色发展 内涝 城市群 长江经济带 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU99[建筑科学—市政工程]