北京石花洞洞穴温湿度变化及其驱动机制  

Variation in cave air temperature and humidity and their driving mechanisms in Shihua Cave,Beijing

作　　者：班凤梅 李新越 孟浩 张蕊 陈锋 李涛[1] 李俊明 刘卫婷 董瑞[1] 毋润民 BAN Fengmei;LI Xinyue;MENG Hao;ZHANG Rui;CHEN Feng;LI Tao;LI Junming;LIU Weiting;DONG Rui;WU Runmin(School of Resources and Environment,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,China;School of Statistics,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学资源环境学院,太原030006 [2]山西财经大学统计学院,太原030006

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第9期2312-2323,共12页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41972191);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-112)。

摘　　要：洞穴温、湿度是影响石笋生长的重要因素。本文对北京石花洞洞穴温、湿度进行为期43个月的高分辨率(小时)监测分析,探究其发生规律和原因及其与洞内气流活动的关系。结果表明:①洞穴温、湿度呈现冬春低、夏秋高的季节性变化,洞内温度变化滞后于地表1~3个月,对升温响应慢而对降温响应快,且不同监测点对洞外温度的响应不同。冷季(12月—次年4月),绣花台(XHT)和小蘑菇(XMG)温湿度均呈现下降趋势,二者呈显著正相关;盘龙(PL)点温度变化小且湿度基本处于饱和,二者没有相关性。②洞内温、湿度日变化季节差异明显,在冷季,PL与XMG点与地表温度日变化相反,白天低夜晚高,而XHT点与地表温度日变化趋势一致;XHT与XMG点与地表湿度日变化一致;暖季(5—11月),洞内与地表温度日变化趋势一致。洞内温、湿度空间变化规律反映了石花洞特殊“楼层式”结构通风的季节性差异以及旅游活动的影响,冬季较强的“烟囱效应”引起的气流活动是洞穴温湿度变化的主要驱动,而在旅游高峰期和游客容易聚集区域,旅游活动的影响显著。本文可以丰富不同洞穴类型下洞内外气流活动的认识,为洞穴石笋的沉积及其古气候反演机理提供重要依据,亦可为旅游洞穴景观保护提供指导。In cave environments,the temperature and relative humidity are considered the important factors in the formation of stalagmites.In this study,we introduced a contribution of 43-month duration monitoring records with hourly resolution on temperature and relative humidity,within the Shihua Cave in Beijing,aiming to discern the interplay between these environmental variables and understand their interrelation with the cave dynamics.The observation results are as follows:(1)Cave temperature and relative humidity show the characteristics of low in winter and spring and high in summer and autumn.Notably,the temperature dynamics within the cave exhibited a temporal lag behind surface temperature changes,ranging between 1 to 3 months.This lag contained a gradual response to warming trends and a relatively fast response to cooling trends.Additionally,the response characteristics differ across various monitoring points.In the cold season,both the temperature and humidity at the XHT(Xiuhuatai)and XMG(Xiaomogu)displayed a declining trend and a notable positive correlation.In contrast,the relative humidity levels at the PL(Panlong)remained essentially saturated throughout the year and demonstrated no significant correlation with temperature fluctuations.(2)There are notable seasonal differences in the daily fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity in the cave.In the cold season,the temperature patterns at the PL and XMG monitoring points exhibit a stark contrast to the daily temperature variations on the surface and the relative humidity levels at the XHT and XMG points correspond to the daily fluctuations in surface relative humidity,whereas the XHT points align with the surface temperature trends.In the warm season,the temperature fluctuations at the cave's monitoring points mirror the daily temperature changes on the surface.The significant spatial distribution pattern of temperature and relative humidity in the cave reflects the seasonal differences in airflow activity,influenced by the unique"floor-type"structur

关 键 词：洞穴温湿度 变化特征 气流活动 影响因素 北京石花洞 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] P532