来源于逆转座子RNA的生物学功能  

The biological impact of retrotransposon derived RNA

作　　者：冯煜 孙昊田 王露 FENG Yu;SUN Haotian;WANG Lu(Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,核糖核酸功能与应用重点实验室,中国科学院大学,上海200031

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第9期1560-1568,共9页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32270600);上海市浦江人才计划项目(21PJ1414000);上海市科学技术委员会自然科学基金面上项目(22ZR1468800)。

摘　　要：转座子广泛存在于几乎所有的真核生物基因组中,并且人类基因组中近一半的DNA是由转座子构成的。转座子在基因组中的转座可以引起DNA断裂、基因突变甚至基因组不稳定,所以其异常激活不仅会导致动物不育和疾病,还可能加速衰老进程,因此转座子通常被认为是对有机体不利的。然而,也有证据表明,来源于逆转座子的RNA可以在多种生理过程中发挥重要的生物学功能,如维持早期胚胎发育、激活天然免疫反应等。本文将对来源于逆转座子RNA的生物学功能进行阐述,进一步加深对转座子RNA的认识。Transposons make up a large fraction of the genome in almost all of the eukaryotic organisms,comprising nearly 50% of the human genome.Transposon mobilizations could induce DNA breaks and cause gene mutations and even genomic instability,which can not only lead to animal sterility and disease,but also potentially drive aging,thereby being largely considered detrimental.Nevertheless,increasing evidence also suggests that transposon derived RNA plays very important roles in regulating many biological processes,such as maintaining embryogenesis and inducing innate immune responses,etc.In this review,we will further characterize the new discoveries in the field in transposon derived RNA,to understand their biological impacts better.

关 键 词：转座子 胚胎发育 天然免疫 衰老 

分 类 号：Q752[生物学—分子生物学]