RIG-Ⅰ样受体介导的RNA识别及其功能机制  

RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors mediated RNA recognition and their mechanism

作　　者：王长万 侯法建 WANG Changwan;HOU Fajan(Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province,School of Life Science,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Hangzhou 310024,China;Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation,Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]国科大杭州高等研究院生命与健康科学学院,中国科学院大学,浙江省系统健康科学重点实验室,杭州310024 [2]中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心,中国科学院上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,核糖核酸功能与应用重点实验室,中国科学院大学,上海200031

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第9期1682-1692,共11页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB0570100);国家自然科学基金项目(32070902)。

摘　　要：天然免疫系统通过多种受体识别RNA病毒并通过信号传导产生Ⅰ型干扰素引发抗病毒反应。视黄酸诱导基因Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰlike receptor,RLR)是感知宿主胞质内病毒RNA的主要受体。一方面,RLR识别病毒来源的RNA并引发下游信号通路激活,产生Ⅰ型干扰素,抵抗病毒感染;另一方面,研究也发现一些细胞自身的RNA可以与RLR结合并刺激Ⅰ型干扰素产生,由此引起的异常免疫激活导致自身免疫病的发生。本文将对激活RLR的自身和非自身RNA进行概述,并介绍RLR对RNA配体的识别机制,包括受体识别的特性及受体区分自身和非自身RNA的机制。The innate immune system recognizes RNA viruses through various receptors and triggers antiviral responses by producing type Ⅰ interferons(IFNs)via signal transduction.Retinoic acid-inducible gene Ⅰ-like receptors(RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors,RLRs)are the main receptor system for detecting RNA viruses within the host cytoplasm.On one hand,RLRs recognize virus-derived RNA and activate downstream signaling pathways to produce type I interferons,thereby combating viral infections.On the other hand,many studies have found that some cellular RNAs can bind to RLRs and stimulate the production of type Ⅰ interferons,which may lead to abnormal immune activation and result in autoimmune diseases.This paper provides an overview of self and non-self RNAs that are recognized by RLRs,and introduces the mechanisms by which RLRs recognize RNA ligands,including the characteristics of receptor recognition and the mechanisms by which receptors differentiate between self and non-self RNAs.

关 键 词：天然免疫 核糖核酸 识别 病毒感染 

分 类 号：Q939.91[生物学—微生物学]