纳米抗体研究现状与应用前景  

Research progress and application prospects of nanobodies

作　　者：李婷婷 李典范 LI Tingting;LI Dianfan(Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation,Science and Engineering,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心,上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所核糖核酸功能与应用重点实验室,上海200031

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第9期1779-1790,共12页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82151215,32201000)。

摘　　要：纳米抗体是骆驼科动物体内存在的重链抗体中的可变区片段,相对分子质量小,稳定性高,易于蛋白质工程改造。纳米抗体可以通过动物免疫获取,因其结构简单,亦适合构建超高丰度和高效的化学合成库进行体外筛选。在基础的蛋白质科学研究中,纳米抗体是膜蛋白结构生物学研究中重要的工具蛋白,并可作为构象特异性抗体探测与捕捉功能构象。在生物医学应用研究中,作为“下一代”抗体,纳米抗体广泛应用于药物靶向递送、肿瘤免疫治疗、标志物检测、生物成像、蛋白质靶向降解、抗病毒感染等方面。本文就纳米抗体在上述领域的研究现状进行简单综述,并展望其应用前景。Nanobodies are variable domain fragments derived from the heavy-chain-only antibodies found in camelids.Nanobodies are characterized by their small molecular weight,high stability,and high amenability.Nanobodies can be obtained through immunization of animals.Due to their simple structure,they are also suitable for constructing ultra-high abundance and efficient synthetic libraries for in vitro screening.In protein sciences,nanobodies serve as important tool proteins in the study of membrane protein structural biology and as conformation-specific antibodies to detect and capture functional conformations.In biomedical applications,nanobodies,known as the"next generation"antibodies,are widely used in targeted drug delivery,cancer immunotherapy,biomarker detection,bioimaging,targeted protein degradation,and antiviral infection.This review provides a brief overview of the current research progress of nanobodies in these fields and discusses their potential applications.

关 键 词：纳米抗体 人工合成库 膜蛋白结构生物学 靶向递送 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]