儿童食物过敏临床特点分析  

Analysis of clinical characteristics of food allergy in children

作　　者：于桂花 杨宁[1] 谷明月 石小娟 赵静 苏然 陈孟利 徐友宁[1] 王美燕 周婷[1] YU Guihua;YANG Ning;GU Mingyue;SHI Xiaojuan;ZHAO Jing;SU Ran;CHEN Mengli;XU Youning;WANG Meiyan;ZHOU Ting(Department of Pediatrics,Beijing Changping Hospital,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市昌平区医院儿科,北京102200

出　　处：《中国现代医生》2024年第27期70-74,共5页China Modern Doctor

摘　　要：目的调查北京市昌平区儿童食物过敏情况,探讨过敏性家族史、性别、分娩方式对儿童食物过敏的影响,不同年龄段食物过敏的分布,本地区容易导致食物过敏的种类、食物过敏共患疾病。方法选取2023年4月至11月就诊于北京市昌平区医院儿科门急诊及住院的0~14岁儿童515例。采用免疫印迹法对患儿血清进行特异性免疫球蛋白E检测,采用SPSS26.0统计学软件对性别、分娩方式非参数进行二项式检验;采用Excel自定义函数对过敏性家族史、不同年龄组人数及各组过敏食物频次进行统计;用自编小程序对共患过敏性疾病组合进行统计。结果(1)男童食物过敏人数(306例)多于女童(209例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)父母均无过敏性疾病史的患儿109例,占总病例数的21.17%;父母至少一方有过敏性家族史的共406例,占总病例数的78.83%。其中228例(44.27%)父母一方有过敏史,178例(34.56%)父母双方均有过敏史。(3)515例食物过敏原阳性儿童中,婴儿期10例(1.94%),幼儿期37例(7.19%),学龄前期235例(45.63%),学龄期192例(37.28%),青春期41例(7.96%)。食物过敏原阳性率最高的是牛奶(444次),其次是鸡蛋白(70次)、腰果(57次)、蟹(37次)、牛肉(26次)、杧果(24次)、虾(21次)、菠萝(6次)、贝(1次)。牛奶蛋白在各年龄段中均为最主要的过敏原。(4)515例食物过敏患儿中,单一食物过敏399例,占77.47%;多重食物过敏(2种及2种以上食物过敏)116例,占22.53%。(5)食物过敏合并疾病以食物过敏相关消化道疾病合并过敏性鼻炎为最多,共267例;其次为过敏性鼻炎合并慢性咳嗽(共192例)、食物过敏性相关消化道疾病合并慢性咳嗽(共124例)。结论14岁及以下儿童中,牛奶是食物过敏的主要致敏原,食物过敏患儿以胃肠道症状最常见。Objective To investigate the food allergy situation of children in Changping District of Beijing,and to explore the influence of allergic family history,gender and mode of delivery on food allergy in children,the distribution of food allergy in different age groups,the types of food allergy that are easy to cause in this area,and the comorbidities of food allergy.Methods A total of 515 children aged 0 to 14 years who were admitted to the general pediatric outpatient and emergency department and inpatient of Beijing Changping Hospital from April to November 2023.Using immunoblotting to detect specific immunoglobulin E in the serum of pediatric patients,and using SPSS 26.0 statistical software to perform binomial tests on gender and delivery mode non parameters;Using custom Excel functions to statistically analyze the family history of allergies,the number of people in different age groups,and the frequency of allergic foods in each group;Use a self-made mini program to statistically analyze the combination of comorbid allergic diseases.Results①The number of male children with food allergies(306 cases)was higher than that of female children(209 cases),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).②There were 109 cases of pediatric patients with parents who had no history of allergic diseases,accounting for 21.17%of the total cases;There were a total of 406 cases where at least one parent had a family history of allergies,accounting for 78.83%of the total cases.Among them,228 cases(44.27%)had one parent with a history of allergies,and 178 cases(34.56%)had both parents with a history of allergies.③Among 515 children with positive food allergens,there were 10 cases(1.94%)in infancy,37 cases(7.19%)in early childhood,235 cases(45.63%)in preschool,192 cases(37.28%)in school age,and 41 cases(7.96%)in adolescence.The highest positivity rate for food allergens is in milk(444 times),followed by egg white(70 times),cashew nuts(57 times),crab(37 times),beef(26 times),mango(24 times),shrimp(21 times),pineapple(

关 键 词：食物过敏 儿童 特异性免疫球蛋白E 过敏原 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科]