铁路站段含油废水处理模式的碳排放研究  

Study on Carbon Emission of Oily Wastewater Treatment Mode in Railway Stations

作　　者：陈作云 柴玉茜 姚宏[2] CHEN Zuoyun;CHAI Yuxi;YAO Hong(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China;School of Environmental,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计集团有限公司,西安710043 [2]北京交通大学环境学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第9期216-220,共5页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金项目(U2268208);企业级自然科学横向项目(KCL18120530);中国国家铁路集团有限公司重大课题(K2022G062)。

摘　　要：为提高铁路站段含油废水的去除效果,同时达到节能降耗减排的目的,以某铁路局车辆段含油废水为研究对象,对比研究传统方案“加压溶气气浮法”与新方案“平板陶瓷膜法”的去除效果和碳排放效果。此外,将传统方案中含油污泥的直接外运处理更改为掺入燃煤中焚烧,探讨其产生的环境效益。结果表明,平板陶瓷膜的整体碳排放强度仅占加压溶气气浮法的35.47%,年碳减排量可达70.2 tCO_(2)。平板陶瓷膜法电耗和药耗的碳排放量相较传统方案而言大幅降低,是因为处理过程所需能耗较小且反应无需添加药剂,仅需使用次氯酸钠对反应装置定期进行反冲洗,物耗使用量也大大降低。将含油污泥直接外运更改为掺入燃煤中焚烧法处理,能够在有效回收资源、实现污泥资源化利用的同时节约成本。整体而言,使用平板陶瓷膜法对铁路站段含油废水进行处理在碳减排方面具有明显优势,同时能够带来更好的处理效益和经济效益,是一项可行的方案,可以进行大范围推广使用。To improve the removal efficiency of oily wastewater in railway stations while simultaneously achieving energy conservation,emission reduction,and cost-effectiveness,a comparative study was conducted on the removal efficiency and carbon emission between the traditional pressurized dissolved air flotation(DAF)method and the new flat ceramic membrane method using the oily wastewater from a railway bureau's vehicle section as the research subject.In addition,the study examined the environmental benefits of replacing direct transportation of oily sludge for external disposal in traditional practices with incineration mixing with coal.The results indicated that the overall carbon emission intensity of the flat ceramic membrane method was only 35.47%of that of the pressurized DAF method,with an annual carbon emission reduction of up to 70.2 tCO_(2).The carbon emission from electricity and chemical consumption in flat ceramic membrane method were significantly lower than those in traditional method,as the treatment process requires less energy and no chemical additives.Only sodium hypochlorite is needed for periodic backwashing of the reaction device,greatly reducing material consumption.Replacing direct transportation of oily sludge with incineration with coal not only enables effective resource recovery and sludge utilization but also reduces costs.Overall,the flat ceramic membrane method for treating oily wastewater in railway stations shows noticeable advantages in carbon reduction,while also providing better treatment efficiency and economic benefits.This method is a feasible solution that can be widely promoted and implemented.

关 键 词：铁路站段 含油废水 碳排放 平板陶瓷膜法 加压溶气气浮法 环境效益 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X731