陶寺遗址墓葬中的明器、生器与祭器  

On Spiritual Objects,Actually Used Items,and Sacrificial Utensils Discovered in Taosi Site

作　　者：武钰娟 WU Yujuan(School of History, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2024年第5期153-160,共8页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项“中华文明探源研究中原和海岱地区文明进程”(2020YFC1521602)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：根据器物的制作观念、动机及其服务的对象,陶寺遗址墓葬用器可分为明器、生器与祭器,具体表现为器物形态、制作工艺、修饰技巧以及使用痕迹的差异。明器与日常生活中同类器物的区别反映了先民在丧葬情境中对现实世界的重构与改造。生器主要包括墓主人生前使用的装饰品和工具。在统治者的墓葬中,会出于政治象征的需要,随葬使用者并非本人的生器。祭器是随葬品中曾经长期使用,但本身却无实用价值的器物,其存在暗示陶寺时期已有用于祭祀先祖的仪式。According to the form of the objects,the production techniques,decorative skills,and the traces of usage,the various types of funerary objects found in the Taosi burial site can be divided into spiritual objects,actually used items,and sacrificial utensils.The differences between the spiritual objects and similar objects used in daily life reflect the reconstruction and transformation of the real world in the funeral context.The actually used objects mainly include adornments and tools used by the tomb owners during their lifetime.In the burials of the rulers,the actually used items were not actually used by the rulers when they were alive,for those items would continue to be used for political symbolism after the rulers died.The presence of sacrificial utensils,which had been used before as daily utensils yet were outdated upon the time of being buried,implies that certain rituals for ancestral worship may have already come into being during the Taosi period.

关 键 词：陶寺遗址 随葬品 墓葬 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]