论许茨对韦伯社会科学方法论的发展  

On the Development of Schutz's Social Science Methodology by Weber

作　　者：张彤 龙燕 Zhang Tong;Long Yan(School of Marxism,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学马克思主义学院,天津300401

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报（综合版）》2024年第3期20-27,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business(Comprehensive Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“许茨与古尔维奇现象学社会理论比较研究——以二人通信录为基础”(21YJA720008)。

摘　　要：韦伯认为社会科学既可以容纳主观价值要素、又可以保持客观的中立态度,然而,由于韦伯没有进一步分析社会行动者意义的各种内涵,这就使其社会科学方法论存在着缺陷。许茨运用胡塞尔现象学观点,从哲学基础上理清了主观意义与客观意义的差异,主观意义是指行动者在内心正在构成的意义活动,而客观意义则是指可以和他人共享的完整的意义单元,这是对韦伯“理想类型”概念的重要发展。社会科学家必须研究具有自身意图和动机的社会行动者,因而社会科学家实际上进行的是二次解释,而通过塑造各种涵盖主观解释的人格类型和行动类型,就保证了其目标的顺利实现。因而,许茨的观点不仅对于各门社会科学理论的基本构造、而且对于社会科学方法论的建构都具有重大意义。Weber believed that social science could accommodate subjective value elements while maintaining an objective neutral attitude.However,due to Weber's failure to further analyze the various connotations of the meanings of social actors,his methodology in social science was flawed.Alfred Schutz employed Husserl's phenomenological perspective to clarify the differences between subjective and objective meanings on a philosophical basis.Subjective meaning refers to the ongoing activity of meaning construction within the actor's mind,whereas objective meaning refers to complete units of meaning that can be shared with others.This represents a significant development of Weber's concept of"ideal types."Social scientists must study social actors with their own intentions and motivations;thus,they actually engage in secondary interpretation.By shaping various personality and action types that encompass subjective interpretations,the smooth realization of their goals is ensured.Therefore,Schutz's views are of great significance not only for the basic structure of various social science theories but also for the construction of social science methodology.

关 键 词：社会行动的意义 理想类型 社会科学方法论 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]