植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控效果评价  

Plant Glyceride in the Control of Conopomorpha sinensis in Lichi

作　　者：索佳琪 闫建全 观秀倩 苏钻贤[4] 王兴民 孟翔 SUO Jiaqi;YAN Jianquan;GUAN Xiuqian;SU Zuanxian;WANG Xingmin;MENG Xiang(School of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization,Guangzhou,Guangodng 510260,China;School of Life Sciences,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广东广州510260 [3]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006 [4]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第9期1895-1901,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广州市重点研发计划项目(No.2023B03J1372,No.2023B03J1272);广州市农村科技特派员项目(No.2023E04J0904)。

摘　　要：荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorphasinensis)是危害荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫之一。目前,主要通过使用化学农药来防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,这种防治方法存在环境污染、增加害虫的抗药性等问题。因此,寻找新型防控措施防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,是近年来的研究热点之一。植物源甘油酯是一种新开发的农用喷洒油,其杀虫效果与矿物油乳剂相当,且害虫不易产生抗药性。本研究采用喷雾法测定植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、蛹及成虫的触杀及产卵拒避作用,并对其田间防控效果进行评价。结果表明:植物源甘油酯对蒂蛀虫的卵、蛹和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,在植物源甘油酯浓度为4.55 g/L时,对1日龄卵的孵化抑制率达40%以上,蛹羽化率在20%以下,成虫死亡率可达100%,且对雌虫产卵具有一定的拒避作用。此外,田间试验结果表明,使用浓度为4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯后果园内荔枝蛀果率显著降低,与农药混配可使农药使用量减半,且蛀果率降至1%。以上结果表明,植物源甘油酯可用于果园荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控,同时能够降低果园化学农药的使用,显著提高荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治效果,为荔枝产业的健康可持续发展提供研究基础。Conopomorpha sinensis is a main pest for litchi and longan.Currently,chemical pesticide control is still the primary technique on C.sinensis,which brings negative effects on the environment and increases insect pesticide resistance.Therefore,one imminent task is to develop new control strategies.The insecticidal plant glyceride oil,a new developed agricultural spray oil with no pesticide resistance,has a similar insecticidal effect compared with mineral oil.The contact insecticidal effects on C.sinensis eggs,pupae,adults and oviposition deterrent effect on adults of plant spray oil were evaluated by the spray method,and the evaluation of the field control effect was also conducted.The eggs,pupae,and adults were all susceptible to the oil.With 4.55 g/L of plant spray oil,the mortality rate of adult worms reached 100%,the emergence rate of pupae was less than 20%,the hatching inhibition rate of 1-day-old eggs was over 40%,and the plant spray oil had a certain repelling impact on spawning.Furthermore,the rate of fruit decay in the litchi orchard was greatly decreased by the oil treatment at the concentration of 4.55 g/L.The oil mixed with pesticides could reduce pesticide usage by half,while the rate of fruit decay was reduced to 1%.The results suggested that plant spray oil could be utilized to control C.sinensis in orchards,lessen the application of chemical pesticides,greatly enhance the control effect of C.sinensis,and offer a research foundation for the long-term,healthy growth of the litchi industry.

关 键 词：荔枝蒂蛀虫 植物源甘油酯 触杀 产卵拒避 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]